Individualized vancomycin dosing regimens and therapeutic drug monitoring are necessary for patients with ESRD receiving intermittent hemodialysis to ensure that goal serum vancomycin levels are reached to adequately treat an infection.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia. Its prevalence, risk factors, course, and complications are not well described in critically ill trauma patients. This was a retrospective, single-center, cohort study at an academic, level 1 trauma center. Trauma patients >18 years, identified from the trauma registry and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), were sequentially screened for AF. A matched cohort was created by selecting patients consecutively admitted before and after the patients who experienced AF. Of 2591 patients screened, 191 experienced AF, resulting in a prevalence of 7.4%. There was no difference in injury severity score (ISS) between those with and without AF, but patients with AF had higher observed mortality (15.5% vs 6.7%, P < .001). Patients with a history of AF (n = 75) differed from new-onset AF (n = 106) in their mean age, 78.9 ± 8.4 versus 69.2 ± 17.9 years; mean time to AF onset, 1.1 ± 2.3 versus 5.2 ± 10.2 days; median duration of AF, 29.8 (1-745.2) versus 5.9 (0-757) hours; and rate of AF resolution, 28% versus 82.1%, respectively. Despite a higher ISS, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and length of stay, the new-onset AF group experienced a similar rate of mortality compared to the history of AF group (14.7% vs 16.0%). Patients with AF had a higher mortality when compared to those in sinus rhythm. The course of AF in the new-onset AF group occurred later was shorter and was more likely to convert; however, these patients had a longer ICU stay when compared to those who had a history of AF.

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