Tobacco plants are one of the main trade commodities in Indonesia. At present, the main production of tobacco is cigarettes. However, tobacco has active antibacterial compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, and essential oils. Therefore, tobacco can be used in the health sector. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the pyrolysis extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Virginia in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study uses a true experimental research design with tobacco extract samples obtained by pyrolysis at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The antibacterial test carried out was the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) media. One-Way ANOVA test results with p < 0.05 indicate the effectiveness of tobacco pyrolysis extract in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The average yield of inhibition zones found in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 6.35 mm, 5.9 mm, 3.97 mm, and 5.025 mm. From these results, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria became the most sensitive bacteria with Virginia tobacco pyrolysis extract.
Enzyme is a biocatalyst that is widely used in industry, for example detergent, pharmaceutical, food or oil purification. One of the most widely using enzymes for oil purification is lysophospholipase. As much as 50% of the needs of industrial enzyme are obtained from microorganisms. However, enzyme productivity of these wild type microbial strains is usually limited and cannot be applied in industry, so a genetic engineering is necessary. Cloning gene encoding for lysophospholipase was once performed in Aspergillus niger and Cryptococcus neoformans, but has never been conducted from alkalothermophilic bacteria, such as Bacillus halodurans. Bacillus halodurans CM1 is an isolate from Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT). Previous research has shown that these bacteria have lipase enzymes, but the study about their properties have not been conducted. This study aims to clone the gene lysophospholipase from Bacillus halodurans CM1 to Escherichia coli DH5α using the pGEM-T easy vector. The recombinant plasmid is sequenced. The gene fragment encoding lysophospholipase was successfully obtained with size 783 base pairs and 100% similarity with gene encoding lysophospholipase from Bacillus halodurans C-125 (No access GenBank: BA000004.3).
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