In this work, micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared from sawdust and characterized by FTIR, WAXRD, and TGA. The MFC was synthesized by several steps such as alkali treatment, followed by NaClO 2 bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The acid hydrolysis was performed by three different H 2 SO 4 concentrations (1N, 3N and 5N) whereas other conditions were remained unchanged. MFC were exhibited the identical peaks in FTIR spectra. The oxidation reaction took place during the MFC preparation by using high concentrations of acid which was detected by FTIR spectra. The crystallinity index of prepared MFC was measured by peaks at 16.2º and 22.2º ( 2θOriginal Research Article angles) of WAXRD curves. The crystallinity index was increased with acid concentration up to 1N H 2 SO 4 and thereafter decreased. The TGA results showed that the MFC degrade earlier temperature compare to the bleached pulp. The peaks of differential thermo-gravimetric curves (DTG) were shifted to lower temperature with the increase of acid concentration during hydrolysis of bleached pulp.
The efficacy of nitrogen inculcation by plants is relatively low, and this is a critical problem instance of environmental protection. Enhancement of nitrogen assimilation can be carried out through the refurbishing, producing and applying the controlled release fertilisers. Biogenic nano silica has been proposed as an unconventional material in the fabrication of controlled-release fertilisers. Mesoporous silica was synthesised from silica-rich biogenic wastes banana peel and groundnut shell. Ammonium phosphate [diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP)] rich phosphorus fertilisers were loaded with mesoporous silica which facilitates controlled release. AFM, FT-IR, XRD and SEM characterise the loaded fertilisers and further studied for controlled and prolonged release in soil and water. The soil toxicity was evaluated against ecologically relevant microbes Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Acetobacter spp.
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