In this paper, the propagation characteristics of a ring Airy vortex beam (RAVB) in
slant atmospheric turbulence are studied. The effects of some key
parameters, such as the truncation factor, the zenith angle, and the
propagation distance, on the propagation characteristics of RAVB are
analyzed. The results show that the beam quality becomes worse with an
increase in the propagation distance, zenith angle, and truncation
factor. When the propagation distance exceeds 3 km in turbulence, the
value of the aperture-averaged scintillation index will reach the peak
value. On the other hand, the mean signal-to-noise ratio of this beam
will be affected by the propagation distance. The beam quality can be
improved by increasing the topological charges. When the truncation
factor is 0.1, RAVB performs best when the distance is long.
A Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) vortex beam is employed as an illumination source for a dark-field microscopy imaging system. To discover the influences of beam characteristics on the imaging quality, an analysis model has been established to show the light-field change rule on both object and image planes. The analytic expressions of the light field on the two planes are deduced. When a rectangular defect is simulated, the light distributions on the object and image planes with different parameters are calculated. The results show that the size of the beam spot on the object plane can be changed by adjusting the topological charge of the vortex beam to obtain the best imaging effect for defects of different scales.
The phase distortion of vortex beams caused by atmospheric turbulence is calculated by the power spectral inversion method. An analytical expression of the fundamental mode Gaussian vortex beam that propagates through anisotropic atmospheric turbulence has been deduced. The influences of altitude, anisotropic factor, and topological charge (TC) on the propagation characteristics of vortex beams are discussed in detail. The results show that when the altitude is in the region of 3–6 km, the change of altitude has little influence on the quality of vortex beams. When the altitude is in the region of 6–7.8 km, beam quality will become better along with the increase in altitude. Otherwise, beam quality will be better with the increase in anisotropic factor, and the ability to resist distortion will be stronger with the increase in TC.
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