IntroductionSurvival from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies by community and emergency medical services (EMS) system. We hypothesized that the adoption of multiple best practices to focus EMS crews on high‐quality, minimally interrupted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) would improve survival of OHCA patients in Salt Lake City.Methods and ResultsIn September 2011, Salt Lake City Fire Department EMS providers underwent a systemwide restructuring of care for OHCA patients that focused on the adoption of high‐quality CPR with minimal interruptions and offline medical review of defibrillator data and feedback on CPR metrics. Victims were directed to ST‐elevation myocardial infarction receiving centers. Prospectively collected data on patient survival and neurological outcome for all OHCAs were compared. In the postintervention period, there were 407 cardiac arrests with 65 neurologically intact survivors (16%), compared with 330 cardiac arrests with 25 neurologically intact survivors (8%) in the preintervention period. Among patients who survived to hospital admission, a higher proportion in the postintervention period survived to hospital discharge (71/141 [50%] versus 36/98 [37%], P=0.037) and had a favorable neurological outcome (65 [46%] versus 25 [26%], P=0.0005) compared with patients treated before the protocol changes. The univariate odds ratio or the association between neurologically intact survival (cerebral performance category 1 and 2) and protocol implementation was 2.3 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.7, P=0.001). Among discharged patients, the distribution of cerebral performance category scores was more favorable in the postintervention period (P<0.0001).ConclusionsA multifaceted protocol, including several American Heart Assocation best practices for the resuscitation of patients with OHCA, was associated with improved survival and neurological outcome.

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Do related markets reflect new information simultaneously? For high‐yield bonds, a large abnormal price decline in a corporation's most liquid bond over a month is followed by an average abnormal stock price decline of −1.42%. This effect is larger for stocks that have increased in value and for volatile stocks. It is also larger for bonds with high coupons and shorter maturities. These results support the view that high‐yield corporate bonds have an informational edge when news is negative and stock returns are noisy, and add to the growing literature on the substantial lags in price discovery between related markets.

The notion of empty voting, or borrowing shares of stock to vote without an equivalent economic interest, has captured the attention of both the financial press and financial researchers. We investigate the securities lending market around proxy record dates for evidence of proxy abuse. We verify a weak statistical effect for share capture at the proxy. However, after controlling for dividend record dates (when more stock lending activity occurs), incremental equity lending activity at the proxy is indistinguishable from zero.