Modernization has, to some extent, affected the lives of indigenous peoples and exposed them to the current consumer world. The improved living standards and social changes have caused the consumption expenditure pattern on goods and services and the values of consumerism to change over time. Hence, this research aims to explain the use of goods and services, as well as the changes in values among orang Asli as a sign of community development. A total of 325 orang Asli from entire orang Asli settlement in Jelebu are involved in this research. The methods used are by doing reviews using questionnaire and also non-participant observations. The result is analysed descriptively. The result of the study shows that the orang Asli community has started using the modern goods and services. The changes in traditional to modern values has started to make its way into this community. In a nutshell the development has changed the life of orang Asli by looking at the use of modern goods and services as a manifestation in determining the acceptance of orang Asli community to modernization. The implications that can be seen are the changes of traditional toward modern values among orang Asli community and they have accepted modern goods and services. Hence, knowledge and education on the consumerism should be provided to the orang Asli community so that they will not be the victims of hedonism of the modern world of luxury brought about by modernization.

Food variety scores (FVS) and dietary diversity scores (DDS) were estimated based on foods consumed weekly by 285 Malaysian households using a food frequency questionnaire. The scoring system of FVS and DDS was based on a scale of 0-7 and 0-6 respectively. The mean household FVS and DDS was 164.1 ± 93 and 6 ± 0.4. The age of respondents (husbands or wives; p < .01), sex (p < .05), and household food expenditure (p < .01) had a significant influence on both FVS and DDS. The food-intake pattern of Malaysian households showed that their typical diets had high protein and energy-based foods.

Introduction: Food is a necessity for students. Yet, students’ food expenditure is anticipated to be restrained by their financial status. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its determinants among university students attending public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: Multistage random sampling was used to select respondents from public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 427 undergraduate students completed a selfadministered questionnaire at four randomly selected universities (Universiti Utara Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Pahang and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia). The questionnaire consisted of information concerning demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds, food security status, eating behaviour, financial literacy, and financial problem among university students. Frequency, chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyse the variables. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 21.6 years, and 60.9% were found to be food insecure. Gender (χ2=5.415), origin (χ2=3.871), number of siblings (χ2=4.521), financial problem (χ2=42.364), and regular breakfast intake (χ2=5.654) were associated with food security status (p<0.05). Male respondents had 1.5 times (AOR=1.547, 95% CI: 1.006-2.380) the risk of having low food security status. Those with higher financial problems (AOR=3.575, 95% CI: 2.332-5.481) were 3.5 times more likely to be food insecure. Conclusion: The prevalence of food insecurity among public university students in Peninsular Malaysia was significantly high. Thus, intervention studies should focus on students with financial problems. Moreover, establishing a better system for an on campus food pantry or food bank is needed to counter the high prevalence of food insecurity among university students.

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People believe organic food is safer and healthier since it limits the use of synthetic chemicals as agricultural inputs, which has increased global demand for it. However, it has been reported that Malaysians' actual consumption of organic food is low, despite their great intention to do so. Much previous research has proposed trust in organic food labeling and certification as a potential cause of the intention-behavior gap. However, empirical data to support this view is still lacking. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess Malaysians' intention and actual consumption of organic food, along with its factors, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with trust as an additional construct. Before the study, the questionnaire was pre-tested for face validity by five expert panels. This cross-sectional study gathered 119 usable self-administered questionnaires completed by Malaysian adults aged 18 to 64. The construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis (PCA), and varimax rotation. There was a three-factor solution for the attitude construct namely health, food safety, and environmental concern, while only one-factor solution for subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, trust, intention, and actual consumption of organic food. Each construct had a minimum Cronbach's alpha of .70. The questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in larger study settings to further understand the psychological factors of organic food consumption among Malaysian adults to promote more sustainable food consumption in this nation.

With the recent advancement in the financial economy, it has become pertinent to families to be knowledgeable and adept in handling their finances. Financial markets terrain has increased so much, resulting in the availability of a more extensive choice of financial products and services, thus making financial decisions more complex and demanding. The ease of accessibility to inventive loans and credit services, financial market restructuring and technological advancements in the mode of offering and distributing financial services have indisputably left several individuals with a puzzling assortment of savings opportunities and decisions that need to be made. Therefore, this study was conceptualized to examine the factors that determine the financial well-being of Nigerian families in Ikeja local government, Nigeria. The researcher employed a stratified random sampling in selecting the number of employees, and 400 questionnaires were distributed to achieve a reasonable responses rate. As such, eighty (80) questionnaires were distributed to each of the five departments selected. From the study, it was shown research showed that majority of the respondents were female between the age ranges 20 to over 60 years. Results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between financial well-being and financial management and financial strain expect for financial literacy. The regression analysis showed that the factors (financial literacy, financial stress, and business management) jointly for 45.7% of the variance in financial well-being. It was suggested that to improve economic prosperity among the employees in the local government, in Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria, an active factor is needed for family financial well-being.

Online shopping has become a new normal in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. More people tend to purchase food and groceries through social media and shopping online platforms. This study aimed to identify the influence of social media food advertisements factors on consumers' purchase intention in Seri Kembangan, Selangor. The study was conducted in Seri Kembangan, Selangor with 200 respondents chosen by convenience sampling. Data collection has been done through an online platform. The results showed that age, household income, household size, and education level influenced consumers' purchase intention towards food advertisements on social media. Marketing factors such as price and quality perception were not significantly related to the purchase intention of consumers (p>0.05), while convenience perception was significantly related to consumers' purchase intention (P<0.05) when it comes to food advertisements on social media. In conclusion, convenience perception is the only marketing factor that influences the purchase intention of consumers after viewing food advertisements on social media. Thus, this study can create awareness among consumers on the factors that influence food product purchasing and help marketers/food sellers by understanding the factors of food advertisements towards consumer purchase intention.