Objective: To determine the incidence and predictor of postoperative wound infection in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CPB). Methods:This was a prospective comparative study of 577 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with (CPB) was conducted at cardiac surgery department of Punjab Institute of cardiology, Lahore from 1st March 2012 to 31st March 2017. Consecutive patients undergoing elective and isolated CABG, both genders age ≥20 years, with normal ejection fraction were included in the study Results: Out of 577 patients of which 166(87.83%) were male while 23(12.16%) were female. The mean age of the patient was 53.23 ± 8.43. Incidence of post-operative wound infection in patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CPB) was 73(12.65%). Common co morbid conditions were hypertension 50%, diabetes mellitus (43.5%), smoking (31.1%), hyperlipidemia (20.3%), prior of stoke (12.2%), Prior Surgery (6.8%) and prior renal failure (4.1%), mean CPB time (61.69 ± 32.27), ICU stay 976.03 ± 31.93), mean Cross clamp time(25.27 ± 19.17mg/dl) and Hospital stay (10.16 ± 5.6 day) were more in WI group. Themortality was found to be high in WI group (23.3%). Logistic regression showed that significantly predicted of the post-operative WI were elder age,diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history of IHD, hyperlipidemia, cardiopulmonary bypass time, ICU stay, hospital stay. Conclusion:We can conclude that wound infected patients are at significantly greater risk of incidence, morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery.
Background:To assess examination related anxiety among medical students by using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and to explore the factors adding to exam anxiety among medical students. Objectives: The study was conducted to investigate Exam anxiety and its influencing factors on medical and dental students at the Private Medical College in Lahore, Pakistan, The study was conducted to exploring exam anxiety and its influencing factors on medical and dental students of Private Medical College, Lahore- Pakistan Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students from central park medical college Lahore. The survey included statements about the demographic profile of the study participants and used the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).Pre- designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The multiple rounds of data collection were done. The data was analyzed by SPSS 24. Chi- square test was applied to obtain the required results. Results: Sign andsymptoms regarding exam anxiety among male and female students of different years of MBBS showed mild anxiety level during exams in male 20(14.8%) compared with female students showed 14(8.5%), moderate anxiety among males observed in 3rdyear 29(67.4%) compared with female of the same years was moderately high as 43(78.2%), maximum anxiety among 2ndyears male and femalestudents as 21(63.6%) versus 30(65.2%) respectively with p=0.001 showed there is statistically significant difference among anxiety level of male and female medical students. Conclusion: This study indicates moderate level of exam anxiety based on a Visual Analogue Scale in students of a medical college and also highlights factors such as extensive course load, lack of exercise and long duration of exams which contribute to Exam Anxiety. Keywords: Visual Analogue Scale, Exam Anxiety, Anxiety
Background: The general atmosphere of the medical college is frequently seen as being extremely stressful; as a result, medical students' academic results suffer, as well as their physical and psychological health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medical students' levels of anxiety about their future careers. Objectives: To exploring the level of anxiety among medical students during COVID-19 Pandemic Methods: It was a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional research. After receiving verbal approval from each student at the Fatima Jinnah Medical University in Lahore, the participants enrolled. The data was gathered using a pre-designed questionnaire. A VAS score was employed to assess anxiety levels. SPSS 23 was used to analyze data. To get the desired findings, a statistical test like the chi-square test was used, with a p-value of 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that the mean age student was 20.33± 1.49 years with range from 19-27 years of 165 female medical students were enrolled. Maximum strength of 3rd professional year as 70(42.42%), students were asked to respond to their own self-perceived level of anxiety by using VAS scale of 0 to 100 (mild, moderate and severe) and 84(50.91%) students’ shows severe level of anxiety. The factor contributing anxiety during COVID-19 explored and faced fear about future career 127(76.97%). Students observed that it took great effort to understand online lectures 108(65.45%) and faced the problem of recalling the memorized online 112(67.88%) as insignificant p-value. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic did not seem to enhance the general degree of anxiety among medical students, but instead, they were more concerned about their studies, exams, and especially their future career. Keywords: Visual Analogue Scale, Exam Anxiety, Anxiety.
This study explores the coping ways of the patients suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Six diagnosed patients participated in the study; they were 3 men and 3 women. A detailed semi structured interview was conducted. For this qualitative research the sample was taken from the Cardiology departments of Civil Hospital, Sahiwal and Ittefaq Trust Hospital, Lahore, Punjab. The Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method was applied to analyze the results. It was found that male patients use more problem focused coping and emotion based coping, whereas the female patients limit their ways of coping and use avoidance, denial, and prefer to cope with their disease alone. Keyword: CVD (cardiovascular diseases.) coping strategies,
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