Experimental evidence is presented for the O-H-S hydrogen bonding in the complexes of simple model compounds of methionine (dimethyl sulphide) and tyrosine (phenol, p-cresol, and 2-naphthol). The complexes were formed in the supersonic jet and were detected using resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. In all the complexes, the band origins for the S(1)-S(0) electronic transition were redshifted relative to that of their respective monomers. The resonant ion depletion IR spectra of all the complexes show redshifts of 123-140 cm(-1) in the O-H stretching frequency, indicating that the OH group acts as the hydrogen bond donor and sulfur as an acceptor. The density functional theory calculations also predict the stable structures in support of this and predict the redshifted O-H stretching frequency in the complex. The atoms-in-molecules and natural bond orbital calculations confirm the O-H-S hydrogen bonding interaction. The significant finding of this study is that the magnitudes of redshifts in the O-H stretch in the O-H-S hydrogen bonded complexes reported here are comparable to those reported for the O-H-O hydrogen bonded complexes where H(2)O acts as the H-bond acceptor, which suggests that the OH-S interaction is perhaps as strong as the OH-O interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such report on the O-H-S hydrogen bonded complexes.
The excitation spectrum of the protonated benzene dimer has been recorded in the 415-600 nm wavelength range. In contrast to the neutral iso-electronic benzene dimer, its absorption spectrum extends in the visible spectral region. This huge spectral shift has been interpreted with ab initio calculations, which indicate that the first excited states should be charge transfer states.
Vibrational and electronic photodissociation spectra of mass-selected protonated benzaldehyde-(water)n clusters, [BZ-(H2O)n]H(+) with n ≤ 5, are analyzed by quantum chemical calculations to determine the protonation site in the ground electronic state (S0) and ππ(*) excited state (S1) as a function of microhydration. IR spectra of [BZ-(H2O)n]H(+) with n ≤ 2 are consistent with BZH(+)-(H2O)n type structures, in which the excess proton is localized on benzaldehyde. IR spectra of clusters with n ≥ 3 are assigned to structures, in which the excess proton is located on the (H2O)n solvent moiety, BZ-(H2O)nH(+). Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP, MP2, and ri-CC2 levels support the conclusion of proton transfer from BZH(+) to the solvent moiety in the S0 state for hydration sizes larger than the critical value nc = 3. The vibronic spectrum of the S1 ← S0 transition (ππ(*)) of the n = 1 cluster is consistent with a cis-BZH(+)-H2O structure in both electronic states. The large blueshift of the S1 origin by 2106 cm(-1) upon hydration with a single H2O ligand indicates that the proton affinity of BZ is substantially increased upon S1 excitation, thus strongly destabilizing the hydrogen bond to the solvent. The adiabatic S1 excitation energy and vibronic structure calculated at the ri-CC2/aug-cc-pVDZ level agrees well with the measured spectrum, supporting the notion of a cis-BZH(+)-H2O geometry. The doubly hydrated species, cis-BZH(+)-(H2O)2, does not absorb in the spectral range of 23 000-27 400 cm(-1), because of the additional large blueshift of the ππ(*) transition upon attachment of the second H2O molecule. Calculations predict roughly linear and large incremental blueshifts for the ππ(*) transition in [BZ-(H2O)n]H(+) as a function of n. In the size range n ≥ 3, the calculations predict a proton transfer from the (H2O)nH(+) solvent back to the BZ solute upon electronic ππ(*) excitation.
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