Background: Unlike in the past, caries nowadays, is stressed to be treated by employing preventive strategies. Though in many countries, treating caries by surgical intervention is reducing but surprisingly most dentists in Karachi, Pakistan continue to treat it by drilling and placing a restoration as primary measure. A question comes to one's mind is whether the graduating dentist from dental colleges in Karachi receive information and training to management caries using preventive strategies or not? This study therefore, was planned to assess the status of teaching about these preventive protocols. Clinical students of dental colleges were chosen as study subjects as they in few months' time become clinicians and practice what they have learnt in their colleges. Aims and Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practices of dental students regarding caries management and practices. Methods: A face and content validated and pretested questionnaire with close-ended questions was used as a study tool. 250 Clinical dental students studying in five dental colleges in Karachi were the study subjects. Results: 215 responses were received at a healthy response rate of 86 %. The most responding students have the knowledge about currently recommended caries preventive strategies but its clinical implementation is very low. Fissure sealing and fluoride applications are the only preventive measures followed by sizeable amount of the responders. Conclusion: Participants of this study despite having knowledge about preventive caries management don't practice it in their clinics. For its implementation, CRA based curricula should be introduced.
Endodontic retreatment requires the efficient removal of old gutta percha from the root canal system. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the solubility of gutta percha in different endodontic solvents commonly used in dentistry as well as the effect of changing the immersion time from 2 to 5 min. METHODOLOGY: A total of sixty ISO size 40 gutta percha points were weighed prior to immersion and after immersion in five different solvents at 2 min and 5 min respectively. Distilled water was used as a control solvent. The weight loss obtained was considered a measure of the dissolving efficacy of the corresponding solvent. Mean values for each set of data was obtained. Data was analysed by SPSS version 23 using one way ANOVA and correlations were tested. RESULTS: The highest dissolution was obtained with chloroform followed by eucalyptus oil, benzene, orange oil and xylene respectively for 2 min. No significant difference was found by increasing the time interval from 2min to 5min. CONCLUSION: Considering the balance between the biocompatibility and dissolving capacity of each solvent, eucalyptus oil is recommended as the solvent of choice with a 2 min immersion time for safe and effective gutta percha removal.
This study was conducted to establish a baseline DREEM score for a Pakistani private dental college and a private dental college of Turkey, to compare the educational environment as perceived by the dental students' of the two institutes and provide insight into the aspects of dental education that are in need of improvement. METHODOLOGY: It's a cross-sectional, questionnaire based study conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi (BUMDC) and a private dental college of Istanbul, Turkey between December 2018 and March 2019. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure was filled out by first, second and third year undergraduate dental students at both the institutes. Ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee of BUMDC after consent was taken from the head of the Turkish institute. RESULTS: Global DREEM mean score of the two institutes was 116.6 ± 20.7. The overall DREEM score of Bahria University was 119.3 ±24.3 while of Turkish dental institute was 113.8±.16.1, with p-value = 0.000. Institutional DREEM depicts a student perception that is predominantly positive. In both the institutes, the perception regarding the social atmosphere (Students' Social Self Perception) scored lowest as compared to all other domains. CONCLUSION: Over all the educational environment at both the institutes is satisfactory however this study has highlighted a need for reforms to improve the social and teaching atmosphere. Despite the overall positive trend, the institutes have yet to achieve excellent status for educational environment. One can learn from the Turkish university in terms of how the social atmosphere can be improved, while the Turkish dental college can benefit by implementing a more student centered teaching methodology.
Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the preferences of final year dentistry students in postgraduate specialization and explore the factors which influence them in making decisions regarding their future in pursuing postgraduate studies. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between August 2017- January 2018 at four dental colleges across Karachi, including, three private sector and one public sector institution. A multiple choice, closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 8 statements was prepared and distributed among all the final year BDS students. 225 used and 200 student responses were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Chi Square was applied to achieve the results. Results: 81% of the respondents were females. 79% were in the age range of 22-23years. 63% age of students had parents that came from a professional background. 75% of the total respondents wanted to pursue postgraduate studies. The link between the age of the student, gender and the willingness to pursue postgraduate studies was found to be insignificant whereas with parental profession, it was significant (p value=0.016). 60% students believed that they had received enough specialty exposure and encouragement from their institutions to be able to decide on their postgraduate plans. The first choice of specialty for 28% students was Oral Surgery followed by Orthodontics and Endodontics for 22% respondents. The second choice of specialty for the students was Operative Dentistry for 30% of the students followed by 17% who preferred Orthodontics. The rest were divided among the other subjects. 36% of the students cited their aptitude for a specific field as the most common factor for affecting their decision on specialization. 28% cited job status/ prospects and financial reasons as the factor most likely to influence their decision on specialization. Conclusion: According to the study, there was no significant association between the age, gender and the preferences of the student towards postgraduate specialization. However, parental occupation was bound to play a role. The choices of the students as regards specialty selection and influencing factors are varied. As the trend towards postgraduate specialization in dentistry is gaining momentum, it is imperative to research this area more for better planning and allowing students to make informed decisions.
Background There is limited data on Pakistani dental students perceived competence in managing orofacial pain (OFP). This study aims to evaluate dental students self-perceived competence regarding the management of orofacial pain. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi at randomly selected two public and four private dental schools. This survey was conducted online from November 2020 to December 2020 in six dental schools. A questionnaire link was sent to the 475 students. A chi-square test and independent-sample t-test were conducted to assess the frequency distribution and compare mean scores of knowledge, diagnosis, and management parameters. Results Of the 475 students, 280 students filled the online survey leaving a response rate of 59%. A significant number of fourth-year students, 65 (51%, p = 0.005), feels knowledgeable regarding neuropathic pain compared to third-year students. The majority of the fourth-year students, 100 (78%, p = 0.010), feel comfortable managing intraoral pain. Almost all the students reported thinking that they need more knowledge related to five types of OFP. The fourth-year students had high mean scores related to knowledge, comfort in diagnosing and managing OFP categories. Conclusion This study found that dental students perceived competence regarding orofacial pain management varies in relation to specific categories, being lowest for psychogenic pain.
cases where the use of this technique has facilitated the location specific exposure of multiple impacted teeth and allowed the optimal sequencing of traction application. It has reduced the need for unnecessary secondary procedures and has led to increased efficiency and enhanced both patient and clinician experience.http://dx. Background and Objectives:The surgical removal of impacted third molars results in tissue trauma that is often accompanied by severe pain and swelling. Prescription of postoperative oral narcotics is standard care, though these medications are often accompanied by adverse side effects. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy is a noninvasive, therapeutic method that has been used to reduce oedema and pain following surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate PEMF therapy for the treatment of postoperative oedema and pain following third molar extraction. Methods: A prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted. Patients who were 18 years and older and who had 2 partial bony or fully impacted mandibular teeth were included in this study. Postoperative pain was measured using visual analogue scale at different time points. Three-dimensional imaging technology was used to accurately quantify the progression and degree of swelling. The use of postoperative medications was recorded as well. Findings: A total of 41 patients participated in this study. For purpose of this analysis a total of 26 patients (11 males and 15 females) with completed records were included. There was a reduction in postoperative pain medications in the PEMF group when compared to placebo (P = 0.04). Conclusions: These preliminary results show the efficacy of PEMF in reducing postoperative pain. PEMF is well tolerated without complications.http://dx.Background: Prophylactic removal of third molars continues to be a debated and evolving topic. The sequelae of retained impacted third molars include cystic changes, periodontal ligament damage, and resorption of second molars. One of the most dangerous sequelae of retained third molars is deep fascial space infection (DFSI), which requires emergency surgery and intravenous antibiotic administration placing a burden on the healthcare system. Objectives:To report the prevalence of subjects with DFSI requiring hospital admission and surgical treatment due to retained third molars and also see if there is an association between depth of impaction and DFSI. Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted in the Department of Oral Surgery, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine. Following IRB approval, we reviewed a five-year convenience sample of subjects with DFSI requiring hospital admission and surgical treatment. Radiology studies, clinical notes, and OR logs were used to determine the aetiology in these DFSI cases as well as depth of impaction. Findings: We reviewed 139 cases involving DFSI and identified the 118 cases which were due to odontogenic aetiology. Of these cases, 52 (44%) exhibited a thi...
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontium characterized by increased pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, sulcular bleeding, and bone loss. Bacterial plaque bio-film stimulates host derived enzymes and cytokines like TNF , IL-1 and matrix metalloproteases that lead to destruction of periodontium, collagenolytic activity, decreased bone mineral density, intra-bony defects and ultimately bone loss. Chronic periodontitis is managed by conventional and systemic approach, where conventional therapy comprises of scaling and root planning. Mechanical debridement of plaque also requires an adjunct to eradicate the root cause of progressing disease. Hence, worldwide paradigm has shifted towards novel therapies; therefore, local delivery of drug is now preferred due to direct access to target sites with considerably less adverse effects and a better approach to deal with chronic periodontitis. The nano-particle technology to treat periodontitis is still an emerging and promising strategy for the management of disease with the provision of minimal dose, less invasive procedure and clinical efficacy.
OBJECTIVE: With the advances in technology the teaching process needs to be improved. Video assisted learning has become an integral part of effective teaching. Using procedural or instructional videos have shown to augment student's preparedness for real life clinical practice and helps them to improve their skills at their own pace and learning ability. The aim if this study was to assess the impact of procedure-specific video demonstrations on the performance of pre-clinical dentistry students. METHODOLOGY: It was a cross-sectional experimental study conducted at the Pre-Clinical Operative Dentistry Phantom Lab at Bahria University Medical and Dental College Karachi, Pakistan. 50 students were divided equally into group A and group B (25 students in each group) by convenience sampling. Both groups prepared class 1 cavity and restored with amalgam. Group A were taught by a hands-on demonstration whereas Group B were taught by live demonstration as well as a procedurespecific video. The students were analyzed for the quality of their practical work as well as their understanding of key concepts. IBM statistics version 20 was used to carry out the statistical analysis. Pearson Chi Square test and independent T test were used, a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Group A's assessment regarding cavity preparation showed that majority students of the group (n=11) required crucial changes in cavity design. For group B most students (n=9) reproduced important factors of cavity design however improvement was required. For amalgam filling, Group A and B's majority students had similar results. t-test was conducted and significant difference was found in the overall performance scores for group A (M=6.7, SD=1.7) and group B (M=8.0, SD=2.3); t-test p=0.04. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that video assisted learning as an additional tool to traditional teaching, can augment understanding and learning process of students.
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