To perform static breath-hold fluorine 19 (19 F) threedimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the lungs in healthy volunteers by using a mixture of 79% perfluoropropane (PFP) and 21% O 2. Materials and Methods: This study protocol was approved by the local research ethics board and by Health Canada. All volunteers provided written informed consent. Ten healthy volunteers underwent MR imaging at 3.0 T. Fluorine 19 3D UTE MR images were acquired during a 15-second breath hold according to one of two breathing protocols: protocol A, a 1-L inhalation of a mixture of 79% PFP and 21% O 2 , and protocol B, continuous breathing from a 5-L bag of a mixture of 79% PFP and 21% O 2 followed by a 1-L inhalation of the same PFP-O 2 mixture from a separate bag and a subsequent breath hold. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured in the three most central image sections and was compared between breathing protocols by using an unpaired t test. Results: Overall, the SNR was significantly greater for breathing protocol B (continuous breathing) than for breathing protocol A (single breath) (P = .018). The mean SNRs were 18 6 6 (standard deviation) and 32 6 6 for images acquired by using breathing protocols A and B, respectively. Breathing protocol B improves SNR by "washing out" the air from the lungs and increasing the PFP concentration prior to 19 F imaging. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of 19 F 3D UTE static breath-hold MR imaging of human lungs with inert fluorinated gases.
This study demonstrates the feasibility of (19)F 3D UTE static breath-hold MR imaging of human lungs with inert fluorinated gases.
This paper describes a reinvestigation of the literature concerning the synthesis and structural characterization of the platinum(IV)-based anticancer drug known as CPA-7 and believed to be the compound fac-[PtCl3(NO2)(NH 3)2]. CPA-7 has previously been extensively investigated for its ability to control tumor cell growth by inhibition of Stat3 signaling, but very little information is available concerning its synthesis or spectroscopic properties. A reproducible synthetic route is shown to produce an active material which is characterized by IR and (1)H, (14)N, (15)N, and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The freshly prepared drug is obtained as a single isomer which may in fact be fac- or mer-[PtCl3(NO2)(NH3)2], but recrystallization resulted in a disordered crystal containing approximately equal amounts of the two geometric isomers.
Syntheses of the phosphonium-1-indenylide (PHIN) ligands triphenylphosphonium-1indenylide (1-C 9 H 6 PPh 3 , I), methyldiphenylphosphonium-1-indenylide (1-C 9 H 6 PMePh 2 , II), and dimethylphenylphosphonium-1-indenylide (1-C 9 H 6 PMe 2 Ph, III) are reported, as are syntheses of the corresponding planar chiral ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 5 -1-C 9 H 6 PPh 3 )]PF 6 (IV), [Ru(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 5 -1-C 9 H 6 PMePh 2 )]PF 6 (V), and [Ru(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 5 -1-C 9 H 6 PMe 2 Ph)]PF 6 (VI). The ruthenium complexes have been characterized by 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR spectroscopy, by X-ray crystallography, and by extensive DFT calculations, which produce optimized geometries consistent with the crystallographic data. The PHIN−Ru bond strengths are calculated to be ∼20 kcal/mol greater than the corresponding benzene−Ru bond strength of [Ru(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 6 -C 6 H 6 )] + and are compatible with the observed configurational stability of the complexes. That interconversion of enantiomers via interfacial exchange of the η 5 -bound ligands does not occur is demonstrated by the observation of diastereotopic phenyl groups in the 1 H NMR spectrum of V and of diastereotopic methyl groups in the 1 H NMR spectrum of VI.
Importance Chronic, non-cancer pain affects approximately 20–30% of the population in North America, Europe, and Australia, with surgery and trauma frequently cited as inciting events. Prospective studies of fracture patients have demonstrated an association between somatic pre-occupation, poor coping, and low recovery expectations following surgery with persistent pain, functional limitations, and lower rates of return to work. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), that are designed to modify unhelpful beliefs and behaviours have the potential to reduce persistent post-surgical pain and its associated effects among trauma patients. Objective To determine whether online CBT, versus usual care, reduces the prevalence of moderate to severe persistent post-surgical pain among participants with an open or closed fracture of the appendicular skeleton. Design, setting, and participants The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to Optimize Post-Operative Fracture Recovery (COPE) protocol will be followed to conduct a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Participants undergoing surgical repair of a long bone fracture will be randomized to receive either (1) online CBT modules with asynchronous therapist feedback or (2) usual care. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of moderate to severe persistent post-surgical pain over 12 months post-fracture. Secondary outcomes include the Short Form-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores, return to function, pain severity and pain interference over 12 months post-fracture, and the proportion of patients prescribed opioid class medications (and average dose) at 6 and 12 months post-fracture. The COPE trial will enroll 1000 participants with open and closed fractures of the appendicular skeleton from approximately 10 hospitals in North America. Discussion If CBT is effective in improving outcomes among patients with traumatic fractures, our findings will promote a new model of care that incorporates psychological barriers to recovery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04274530. Registered on 14 February 2020.
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