The experiment was carried out at the field of Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI), Bharatpur, Chitwan. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of different sources of organic manure in the growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) and the chemical properties of soil. The experiment was laid out by using 5 treatments and four replications in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). There was a total of 20 plots each of 2 x 2 m2. The variety used was Malepatan-1. Poultry manure, goat manure, Farmyard Manure (FYM), mustard cake, and RDF, were tested as treatments. The soil of the experimental plot was acidic (pH 6.1) containing low total nitrogen (0.7), low available potassium (90.32), low available phosphorous (13.99), and medium organic manure (2.9). The data on vegetative parameters (plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant), yield attributing parameters (number of flowers per plant, number of pods per branches, and yield), and soil chemical properties (total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and organic matter) were taken and entered in Ms-Excel which were then subjected of analysis of variance using Genstat and means were separated using DMRT. Out of 5 treatments treatment poultry (2.620kg/plot) was superior and significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of pods, and yield. While mustard oil cake was ineffective to give optimum yield and yield attributing characters. The highest yield was obtained from treatment poultry manure i.e. (8.438 ton/ha) while the lowest yield was obtained from the treatment mustard oil cake (2.906 ton/ha).
The distribution of soil properties under different elevations and soil depths was evaluated by taking soil samples from peripheral agricultural land of Chitwan to the Mustang roadway track with the integrated use of the Geographical Information System (GIS). Soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorous (P2O5), available potassium (K2O), and soil ph. were determined on 10 samples each from 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depths of each categorical elevation (194-604 masl, 604-1399 masl, 1300-2846 masl) were analyzed (Total 60 samples). The highest SOM (4.21%) was recorded at surface soil (0-15 cm) of elevation 1300-2846 masl. The highest total nitrogen (0.245%) was also found at the surface layer of elevation 1300-2846 masl. Phosphorous and Potassium were highest at the surface layer of elevation 1300-2846 masl. The available nutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium were medium in range and decrease with the increase in depth, which might be due to in-situ in a corporation of leaf litters, residue, etc. as well as applied manure on the surface. In general, the study result revealed altitude did not impose any significant effect in aggravating soil reaction and phosphorous. Whereas soil depth affected significantly not only ph. but also SOM and available potassium. Thus, the study concludes the increasing trend of primary nutrients with increasing elevation and decreases with increasing depth.
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