There is significant variation in the components of, as well as in compliance to, ERAS protocols in daily practice. This may contribute to the observed variation between the studies in length of hospital stay. A standardized and practically feasible ERAS protocol should be established in order to improve the implementation and optimal outcome.

The incidence of CFBs is disproportionately higher in men. Various techniques for removal are available, including some that are minimally invasive. The appropriate technique will depend on the size and surface of the retained object and the presence of complications such as perforation or obstruction.

Censored regression models have received a great deal of attention in both the theoretical and applied econometric literature. Most of the existing estimation procedures for either cross-sectional or panel data models are designed only for models with ÿxed censoring. In this paper, a new procedure for adapting these estimators designed for ÿxed censoring to models with random censoring is proposed. This procedure is then applied to the CLAD and quantile estimators of Powell (J. Econom. 25 (1984Econom. 25 ( ) 303, 32 (1986a) to obtain an estimator of the coe cients under a mild conditional quantile restriction on the error term that is applicable to samples exhibiting ÿxed or random censoring. The resulting estimator is shown to have desirable asymptotic properties, and performs well in a small-scale simulation study.

No abstract

In this paper we propose estimators for the regression coefficients in censored duration models which are distribution free, impose no parametric specification on the baseline hazard function, and can accommodate general forms of censoring. The estimators are shown to have desirable asymptotic properties and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate good finite sample performance. Among the data features the new estimators can accommodate are covariate-dependent censoring, double censoring, and fixed (individual or group specific) effects. We also examine the behavior of the estimator in an empirical illustration. r

There is no evidence that ERAS adversely affect HQoL or patient satisfaction. Certain aspects of HQoL such as pain and fatigue may improve with ERAS. Further research is required, especially in the early post-operative period.

Root-n-consistent estimators of the regression coe cients in the linear censored regression model under conditional quantile restrictions on the error terms were proposed by Powell (Journal of Econometrics 25 (1984) 303-325, 32 (1986a. While those estimators have desirable asymptotic properties under weak regularity conditions, simulation studies have shown these estimators to exhibit a small sample bias in the opposite direction of the least squares bias for censored data. This paper introduces two-step estimators for these models which minimize convex objective functions, and are designed to overcome this ÿnite-sample bias. The paper gives regularity conditions under which the proposed two-step estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal; a Monte Carlo study compares the ÿnite sample behavior of the proposed methods with their one-step counterparts. ? 2001 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

No abstract