Since the mid-twentieth century, the study of gender has constituted a fundamental part of many interdisciplinary research works due to its multiperspective nature which made it a fertile ground for analysis in diversified fields of science. Discussions over sex/gender distinction and the representation as well as perception of gender ceaselessly exist within controversially enriching, discursive frameworks. In 1990, Judith Butler (1956, one of the prominent feminist theorists in the field of gender studies, first coined the concept of "gender performativity," where she challenged the conventional notions of ethnomethodologists and phenomenologists who restricted the perception and communication of gender to pre-existing social constructs. Hence, this study aims to investigate the play Nine Parts of Desire (2006), written by the contemporary Iraqi-American playwright and actress Heather Raffo, in the light of Butler's theory of gender performativity to prove that the communication of female gender, represented by Raffo's nine Iraqi female characters from culturally diverse background, is linguistically and cross-culturally performative. Furthermore, given the theatricality of Butler's concept, the study also tends to establish a connection between Butler's crosscultural performativity and Raffo's dramaturgical performativity while acting the play on stage in order to underscore the fact that the performativity of female gender in the play is both cross-culturally and dramaturgically communicated.(*) Cross-cultural Performativity of Gender Communication in Heather Raffo's
This study revealed the details of the heat and mass transfer mechanisms that take place during the drying process of RDF, assisted with a turning machine. The experiments were carried out in an industrial scale open air drying facility. The experimental results showed that the main factors affecting the performance of the drying technology are the turning efficiency, ambient conditions, and bio-heating efficiency. The drying time for decreasing the moisture content of RDF from 30.5% to 16% was 6 hours, at winter weather conditions, with a turning machine moving over the row with a speed of 5m/min. The linear speed of the turning machine must be higher than 3m/ min to avoid the evacuation of RDF in front of the turning drum. Although the drying process requires 6 hours of turning machine operation, this time must be distributed over 4 days to benefit from the bio-heating process. The study showed the effect of this heating process on the temperature distribution of RDF during the drying process. The bio-heating energy was 22.3 kWh/ton (wet product). The volumetric mass transfer coefficients increased about seven-fold during the drying process. These coefficients were 0.04, 0.017, and 0.24 kg/m 3 at moisture contents, 30%, 20%, and 15%, respectively. The rate of water evaporation was 21.6 kg/ton(wp) per running hour of the machine. When the moisture content becomes less than 24%, the turning machine-assisted windrow drying becomes more efficient. The data introduced are helpful for enhancing the drying process in bad weather conditions, and this will be our future work.
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