To evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris produced byWaveOne Gold (WOG) and ProTaper Next (PTN) after using mechanical or manual glide path techniques. Methodology: Forty freshly extracted human permanent mandibular first molars were collected and randomly assigned into one of the two main groups (I&II) (n=20 for each group) according to the instrumentation techniques used using either the WOG or the PTN, then each group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups (A&B) (n=10 for each subgroup) according to the type of instrument used to create the glide path using either the PathFiles (PF) or the K-Files (KF). During instrumentation, the apically extruded debris (AED) was collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Then tubes were incubated at 70° C for 5 days. The net weight of the apically extruded debris was calculated in gram by subtracting the pre-weight of the empty tubes from the post-weight. The data were statistically analyzed. Results: Using the WOG/KF was statistically significantly associated with the highest amount of the AED followed by the PTN/KF and WOG/PF with no significant difference between them while the PTN/PF was statistically significantly associated with lowest amount of the AED. Conclusions: Although all systems caused apical extrusion of debris, using the multi-file continuous rotary system with mechanical glide path files could be considered as a promising and reliable approach to prepare the root canal with less amount of debris extruded apically.
Raisins are one of the methods of preservation of grapes to increase the shelf life of fruits. The present study focused on the microwave drying of grapes, to produce raisins and determine its effect on Physico-chemical and optical properties of raisins during the drying process. To measure the main dimensions, mass, acidity, and total soluble solids as Physico-chemical, while the optical properties such as reflection and absorption of grapes using laser technique. Also, to find the relationship between the laser reflection of grapes during microwave drying and changes in shrinkage, moisture content, mass, acidity, and total soluble solids during the grape drying process. Obtained results showed that there is an inverse relationship between the percentage of reflection of the laser beam from the surface of the grape fruits and the percentage of loss moisture, TSS, pH, and volume of fruits. Relationship between laser reflection of grapes and physic-chemical properties at drying time of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min, the percentage laser reflected from the surface decreases,
Purpose: The current investigation was carried out to estimate the influence of single and multiple NiTi rotary file systems on prevalence of postoperative pain following root canal instrumentation using mechanical or manual glide path techniques.Materials and methods: Forty participants with a sympotomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars were contributed in this randomized, controlled, clinical double blinded study. The participants were assigned into two main groups according to the gliding path system used then further subdivided into two subgroups according to the shaping system used. After access cavity preparation and working length determination, the glide path was prepared using either the PathFiles or the K-Files then the canal shaping was carried out using either the WaveOne Gold or ProTaper Next systems then the root canals were obturated. The postoperative pain was assessed by means of the modified visual analogue scale following 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days then the data were collected and analyzed. Results: Postoperative pain was significantly higher after using the WaveOne Gold and the K-Files. Conclusions: Although all systems caused postoperative pain, the mechanical glide path along with the multi-file continuous rotational systems could be considered as a promising and reliable approach in preparing the root canals with less postoperative pain.
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