Purpose: This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of resin infiltration and fluoride varnish in masking white spot lesions of central incisors in children with molar incisor hypo-mineralization (MIH) clinically and radio-graphically. Methods: Twenty children aged from 9 to 14 years with bilateral maxillary central incisors with MIH, according to Judgment criteria of European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD), were included in this study. Children were divided into two groups, group I was treated with resin infiltration (ICON) while group II was treated with fluoride varnish (Fluoro-protector). All patients received pre-operative, immediately after treatment, 1 week and 1 month after treatment a digital standardized photograph and peri-apical radiography. All photographs and peri-apical radiographs were analyzed to calculate the color and gray level (GL) differences between the sound enamel and white spot lesions. Results: A comparison between the two groups showed a statistically significant lower color difference mean between the sound and treated white spots enamel in group I than in group II in all evaluation periods. Moreover, a comparison between the GL mean values of both groups showed a statistically significant higher GL mean values after resin infiltrations in group I than in group II after fluoride application in all evaluation periods. Conclusion: Resin infiltration (ICON) is dramatically better than fluoride varnish in the masking of white spot lesions in children with (MIH). Resin infiltration technique allows a minimally invasive treatment in a single appointment making it beneficial for school aged patients.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of school children aged 8-12 years in Suez Canal sector cities. Subjects and Methods: A sample of 1312 students aged 8-12 years were selected from governmental schools in Ismailia, Port Said, and Suez cities. MIH was diagnosed clinically based on the diagnostic criteria established by the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003. Results and conclusion:The prevalence of MIH varied widely among the 3 cities, with an average of 9.98 %.The severity of MIH was higher in girls 32.14% than boys 5.33%. The most prevalent defect reported in this study was opacities.

Background: To assess & compare clinical & radiographic effects of Hyaluronic acid (HA) versus formocresol (FC) as pulpotomy medication in primary molars. Materials & Methods: 20 children in age group 4-7 years have bilateral primary molars which need pulpotomy treatment due to deep caries. children divided into two groups, group I included 20 molars treated with HA & group II included 20 molars treated by FC. Patients were recalled after 3, 6, and 12 months for clinical and radiographical evaluation.Results: Clinically all cases showed no signs of pain, gingival swelling, or mobility in both HA, FC group except at 12 months. Radiographically, both HA, FC groups revealed no internal resorption at 3, 6 months while at 12 months only one case of FC group, three cases of HA group showed internal resorption. FC group revealed increase in the PDL space at 3, 6 and 12-months while HA group showed decrease in PDL space at 3 and 6 months then slight increase occurred at 12 months. FC group revealed furcation radiolucency increase at 3, 6 and 12 months while HA group showed slight decrease in bone radio-density at 3 months then an increase in bone radiodensity at 6 months followed by a decrease at 12 months. Conclusion:Clinical and radiographic success rates of HA is comparable to FC for primary molars over 12 month follow-up period.Recommendation: Further clinical studies with long time evaluation periods should be done to investigate HA effects on primary pulp tissues.

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BackgroundThis study aimed to assess and compare the Kidzo pediatric rotary file system with the manual nickeltitanium (NiTi) K-file system used for preparing the root canal of primary mandibular second molars by measuring the total apically extruded debris utilizing a sensitive microbalance and assessing cleaning efficiency using a scanning electron microscope. MethodologyA total of 46 mandibular second primary molars were instrumented using a pediatric rotary system (Elephant Kidzo, India) and a manual NiTi K-file system (Endostar, Poldent, Poland). The debris released from the apex was retrieved and dried in Eppendorf tubes that were weighed beforehand. The total extruded debris was determined using a digital electronic scale, following which the molar roots were vertically sectioned, and the canal walls were investigated at the apical, middle, and coronal levels by a scanning electron microscope for debris and smear layer. ResultsThe Kidzo pediatric rotary file system extruded a lesser amount of debris than the manual Endostar file system, but the difference was statistically not significant. Regarding cleaning efficiency, the debris originating in the apical and middle regions by employing the rotary filing technique was significantly less (p < 0.05); however, at the coronal level, there were no notable differences. ConclusionsThe Kidzo pediatric rotary system produced less apically extruded debris than the manual system and demonstrated better cleaning efficiency.