Herein, a series of
N'
-benzylidene-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesised to target the multidrug efflux pump (MATE). The antibacterial activities were screened against
S. aureus
,
Acinetobacter
,
S. typhi
,
E. coli
, and
P. aeruginosa
, whereas their antifungal activities were screened against
C. albicans
. Compounds
4a
,
4h
, and
4i
showed the most promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, compounds
4h
and
4i
being the broader and superior members regarding their antimicrobial effects were selected to be further evaluated via
in vivo
testing using biochemical analysis and liver/kidney histological examination. Additionally, molecular docking was carried out to attain further deep insights into the synthesised compounds' binding modes. Also, ADMET studies were performed to investigate the physicochemical/pharmacokinetics features and toxicity parameters of the synthesised derivatives. Finally, a structure-antimicrobial activity relationship study was established to facilitate further structural modifications in the future.
Highlights
A series of new
N'
-benzylidene-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesised targeting the multidrug efflux pump (MATE) guided by the pharmacophoric features of the co-crystallized native inhibitor of the target protein.
The newly synthesised compounds were assessed through
in vitro
,
in vivo
, and
in silico
approaches.
Using the agar well diffusion assay, the antibacterial activities of the synthesised compounds were screened against
S. aureus
,
Acinetobacter
,
S. typhi
,
E. coli
, and
P. aeruginosa
, whereas, their antifungal activities were screened against
C. albicans
.
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the synthesised compounds were investigated on variable microbial species.
Compounds (
4h
and
4i
) -as the broader and superior members regarding their antimicrobial effects- were further evaluated via
in vivo
testing using bio-chemical analysis and liver/kidney histological examination.
A molecular docking study and ADMET
in silico
...
Background: University student populations are widely reported to engage in high rates of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviours, and unhealthy dietary habits. There is rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among university students. Aims of study: Assessment of body mass index among university students, detection of obesity and underweight prevalence among students and determining risk factors of obesity among university students. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study conducted for assessment of body mass index and obesity prevalence among university students among 714 students; (426 from Faculty of Medicine and 288 from faculty of Arts and social sciences) were included in the study, using a selfadministered questionnaire which include demographic characteristic sand measuring weight and height. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m2). A digital scale was used for the measurements. Results: weight index of studied students was within the range of normal (24.12 ± 4.76). (59.5%) of students were normal weight, (27.6%) were overweight, (8.3%) were obese and only (4.6%) were underweight. Body mass index was significantly higher in urban and fourth grade students. University resident students were 1.58 times significantly more likely to have a higher BMI ≥ 25 than non-residents. Conclusions: as there are more than 35% of students have body mass index ≥35, so that, universities should consider the establishment of on-campus exercise facilities in attainable prices to encourage students to exercise especially because they spent a substantial part of their time in the university
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