Aim: Evaluate the relationship between maxillary transverse dimensions and impacted maxillary canines using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods:This retrospective radiographic study reviewed 45 CBCT records of 45 subjects their ages above 12 years. The records were divided into 3 groups, Group I: normally erupted maxillary canine group (control group), group II: labial impacted maxillary canine group, group III: palatal impacted maxillary canine group. Maxillary width was measured at 4 levels: basal first molar width, alveolar first molar width, basal first premolar width, and alveolar first premolar width. The depth of the palatal vault was measured to evaluate the shape of the palate in all groups.Results: labial and palatal impacted groups showed significantly smaller basal first molar widths, alveolar first molar and first premolar widths, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Basal first premolar widths and palatal vault depths were not significantly different between the groups.Conclusions: Maxillary width was smaller in subjects with labial or palatal maxillary canine impaction than subjects without impaction.

Introduction: The Collum angle can be defined as a crown root supplementary angle of maxillary central incisors. The aim of the study was to assess the maxillary central incisors' collum angle in a sample of Egyptian patients with different vertical malocclusions using cephalometric radiographs. Methods: Ninety lateral cephalometric radiographs were collected and divided into three groups, with equal size, according to lateral cephalograms (SN-GoGn angle). Group І: consisted of lateral cephalmetric radiographs of 30 who had the strongest predominance of horizontal growth pattern (SN-GoGn ≤28º), Group ІІ: consisted of lateral cephalmetric radiographs of 30 subjects who had the strongest predominance of vertical growth pattern (SN-GoGn ≥35º). Angular and linear parameters on cephalometric radiograph for each subject were measured to identify the facial growth patterns, and Collum angle was then measured. Results: mean of collum angle for the maxillary central incisor in horizontal growth pattern sample was 7.8°±2.2° with minimum being 5° and max imum 14°. The mean values for vertical growth pattern was 2.1°±2.1° with minimum 0° and a maximum 6°. Paired samples t-test comparison revealed that there was a high significant increase in maxillary central incisor collum angle in horizontal growers than in vertical growers, mean difference being 5.7°±1°. Conclusion: Maxillary central incisor collum angle in horizontal growers is higher than in vertical growers.

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Aim: Assess the labio-palatal position of maxillary impacted canines (MICs) on CBCT and their mesiodistal position on panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This retrospective radiographic study reviewed 70 radiographs with MICs (40 bilaterally and 30 unilateral). Radiographs with, odontoma, mesiodenses, or cleft lip and palate were excluded. The mesiodistal position of the MICs was classified into four sectors on panoramic radiograph while their labiopalatal position were evaluated on CBCT. The correlation between panoramic sectors location and CBCT results was examined using the chi-square test. Results: Labial positioned MICs on CBCT were more frequent in panoramic sector 1, while palatally positioned MICs were more frequent in sectors 4. The association between sectors of the MICs on panoramic images and the labio-palatal position of the MICs on CBCT was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that, sector location on panoramic radiographs might be used for prediction of labiopalatal position of MICs.

Purpose: To compare external apical root resorption EARR in orthodontic patients treated with en-masse retraction with skeletal anchorage (miniscrews) versus two step procedures.Patients and methods: Forty patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group I consisted of 20 patients were treated by using mini-screw anchorage and en-masse retraction, while, group II, 20 patients were treated with two-step retraction and conventional methods of anchorage reinforcement. Lateral cephalometric and digital panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate treatment changes just before (T1) and immediately after (T2) retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth.Results: A significant positive correlation between age and root resorption. Shorter treatment duration was needed in group I with insignificant difference between both groups. Significant root resorption in maxillary central, lateral incisors, canines and first molars was found in both groups just after retraction. A significant root resorption was found for maxillary centrals and first molars in mini-implant group compared to conventional anchorage group. Upper first molars were intruded (-1.8 mm, P=0.041) in mini-implant group with no significant distalization (P=0.016) compared to conventional anchorage group. Upper incisors were significantly retracted (-7.8mm, P=0.001) and intruded (-2.3mm, P=0.017) in comparison to other group. Conclusion:Skeletal anchorage system tends to permit more root resorption than conventional anchorage procedure. A significant retraction and intrusion of maxillary incisors, and a significant intrusion and lack of distalization of maxillary first molars by using skeletal anchorage system during en-masse retraction was found when compared with conventional anchorage procedure.