We demonstrate photo-patternable ion gel-gated graphene transistors and inverters on plastic substrates. The photo-patternable ion gel can be used as a negative photoresist for the patterning of underlying graphene as well as gate dielectrics. As a result, an extra graphene-patterning step is not required, which simplifies the device fabrication and avoids a side effect arising from the photoresist residue. The high capacitance of ion gel gate dielectrics yielded a low voltage operation (~2 V) of the graphene transistor and inverter. The graphene transistors on plastic showed an on/off-current ratio of ~11.5, along with hole and electron mobilities of 852 ± 124 and 452 ± 98 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively. In addition, the flexible graphene inverter was successfully fabricated on plastic through the potential superposition effect from the drain bias. These devices show excellent mechanical flexibility and fatigue stability.

Background: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) was the first to be introduced in Bangladesh to fight the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. As this vaccine had shown some side-effects in its clinical trial, we aimed to conduct a study assessing short-term adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) in Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on social and electronic media platforms by delivering an online questionnaire among people who had taken at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The collected data were then analysed to evaluate various parameters related to the AEFIs of the respondents. Results: A total of 626 responses were collected. Of these, 623 were selected based on complete answers and used for the analysis. Most of the respondents were between 30–60 years of age, and 40.4% were female. We found that a total of 8.5% of the total respondents had been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Our survey revealed that out of 623 volunteers, 317 reported various side-effects after taking the vaccine, which is about 50.88% of the total participants. The majority of participants (37.07%, 231/623) reported swelling and pain at the injection site and fever (25.84%, 162/623); these were some of the common localized and generalized symptoms after the COVID-19 vaccine administration. Conclusion: The side-effects reported after receiving the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) are similar to those reported in clinical trials, demonstrating that the vaccines have a safe therapeutic window. Moreover, further research is needed to determine the efficacy of existing vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections or after-infection hospitalization.

No abstract

No abstract

The intramolecular coupling of benzoannelated zincacyclopentadiene using CuCl 2 produced 1,8-dibromobiphenylene selectively in a good yield. On the contrary, the intermolecular coupling of zincacyclopentadiene produced 2,3,6,7,10,11,14,15-octamethoxytetraphenylene selectively in a synthetically reasonable yield under different reaction conditions. The reactions of 2,2¢-dilithio-4,4¢,5,5¢-tetramethoxybiphenyl and 2,2¢-dilithio-4,4¢,5,5¢-tetrakis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)biphenyl with CuCl 2 in THF unexpectedly produced the corresponding tetraphenylene derivatives, instead of the desired biphenylene derivatives. Octamethoxytetraphenylene was used to synthesize octaacetoxytetraphenylene in a quantitative yield either directly or through octahydroxytetraphenylene.

No abstract

Direct extraction of DNA from natural environment and clinical samples has become a useful alternative for the phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation. In this study, three different Gram positive microorganisms (B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus) were chosen for genomic DNA extraction. High salt SDS (Sodium Dodesyl Sulfate) based extraction method was followed to extract genomic DNA with addition of three different lysis protocols to observe the effect of proteinase-K on total genomic DNA yield, lysis steps were carried with SDS, SDS with 3 l proteinase-K and SDS with 6l proteinase-K. High molecular weight intact DNA bands were observed only for Bacillus subtilis when the extraction procedure was carried out in presence of SDS, SDS with proteinase-K (3l) and SDS with increased amount of proteinase-K (6l). In presence of SDS and increased amount of proteinase-K (6l) the mean value of DNA concentration for Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be 1.530.15, 1.360.10 and 1.650.10 g/l respectively. However, in absence of proteinase-K, the mean values of DNA concentration were found to be decreased (1.280.10, 1.340.15, 1.230.10 g/l for B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus respectively) for all these stains. Although in case of B. subtilis the overall effect of proteinase-K was not found to be significant in terms of DNA concentration and DNA band intensity, however, for B. cereus, and S. aureus sharp decrease in total extracted DNA concentration was observed suggesting the increased lysis effect of proteinase-K on the thick peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive cell wall such as B. cereus, and S. aureus.

Our previous report showed that our current benchmark agent, 4-methoxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate, is a selective antimalarial/anticancer agent. A series of related sulfones and sulfonic acid esters is now examined. 4-Allyloxyphenyl p-toluenesulfonate is a superior antimalarial/anticancer agent. 4-Methoxyphenyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate is a superior antimalarial agent, but shows poorer inhibition of human skin cancer cells.