Insulin therapy is the cornerstone treatment of diabetic patients. Most diabetic patients cannot selfadministrate insulin due to various reasons to depend on caregivers. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on insulin administration among diabetic patients and their caregivers. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for seven months. All diabetic patients age above 18 years who were on insulin therapy for more than six months were included in the study. Patient medical records were used to collect demographic information such as age, gender, educational status, occupation, socioeconomic class, HbA1c, and insulin duration. The validated KAP questionnaire was used for the assessment of KAP among patients or caregivers. Results: A total of 255 patients were included, out of which 163 (63.92%) were male and 92 (36.07%) were female. The mean KAP score was 65.05 ± 14. There is no significant correlation between the HbA1c levels with KAP scores among diabetic patients. There is a significant link between the knowledge, attitude, and Overall KAP patients with education qualification (p < 0.05), occupation (p < 0.05), economic class of the patients (p < 0.05), and duration of insulin treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The patients average age was 55.74 years. The results showed that the mean KAP score was 65.05, which is less and most of the patients had not controlled their glycemic levels. Effective education regarding insulin administration and glycemic control improves the KAP among patients or caregivers.

Introduction: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne human viral disease spread globally and is regarded as a global threat by the World Health Organization (WHO). In India, an appalling rise has recently been observed, resulting in an economic burden. Objective: To study the direct medical costs using cost of illness analysis and the varied clinical presentations of the disease. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted among patients diagnosed with dengue fever in the general medicine department. Data was collected from eligible dengue patients admitted between June 2018 to December 2019. Patient's demographic details, clinical presentations, factors affecting the cost, direct medical cost details were recorded. Results:The study enrolled a total of 220 patients., with 75% being males and 25% being females. The majority of the patients (44.54%) were between the ages of 19-30. The average length of hospital stay was found to be 4.55 days, with the highest number of cases occurring in June and July. The NS1 antigen test yielded 88.63% positive results, and males had a higher total median direct cost of USD 102.83 than females, USD 99.16. The age group 46-60 years had the highest total median direct cost of USD 135.16 compared to other age groups. Conclusion: According to the findings, the median total direct medical cost was USD 119.29. The laboratory charges incurred 34.02%of the total cost, consultation charges incurred 17.18% of the total cost, and medication charges incurred 14.72% of the total cost.