Patients who have circulating antiphospholipid antibodies are at risk for major abdominal vascular thromboses and organ infarction. Radiologists must be familiar with this syndrome; they may be the first physicians to suggest the diagnosis on the basis of findings of unusual or recurrent sites of thrombosis, especially in young patients.
A case of malignant transformation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia into maxillary chondroblastic osteosarcoma is presented. The clinical, radiographic, CT, MR imaging features and pathological findings of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and its malignant transformation are described. Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia is rare and has not previously been described in the English literature in this location in McCune-Albright syndrome and in the absence of radiation treatment.
MR imaging sensitivity and specificity for detection of meniscal tear is decreased in the presence of meniscal chondrocalcinosis. Chondrocalcinosis appeared as a high-signal-intensity region on T1-weighted, intermediate-weighted, and inversion recovery sequences. The high signal of chondrocalcinosis on inversion recovery sequence is an interesting observation that to our knowledge has not been previously reported. Radiographic correlation with the MR imaging examination can help prevent overdiagnosing meniscal tears.
A case is presented of anaerobic osteomyelitis with intraosseous pneumatosis resulting in extension of gas in soft tissue structures and femur in a patient with mitral valve vegetation and bacteremia. The finding of intraosseous pneumatosis and its extension into the hip joint, iliopsoas bursa and subgluteus medius bursa is depicted. Intraosseous pneumatosis is a rare but concerning finding for osteomyelitis in the absence of a penetrating wound, recent surgery, biopsy or fracture.
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a disseminated non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis with multisystem involvement, including characteristic sclerotic musculoskeletal lesions. We present the case of a 27-year-old woman with a fulminant course and atypical involvement by ECD manifesting as extensive cerebrovascular disease and lytic musculoskeletal lesions. This case represents an unusual and aggressive presentation of ECD owing to the patient's young age, the severity of the cerebrovascular involvement and the lytic osseous lesions.
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