ObjectiveTo analyze and determine the quality of functioning in different components of GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis in children with Down syndrome (DS).DesignSystematic review and mini meta-analysis of the literature.MethodsA search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO through August 2022. Eligible studies included pediatric patients with DS who had undergone any laboratory evaluation of the GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis. Two reviewers independently screened articles for eligibility. Results of each type of test were weighed together in patients both with and without DS and were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis.ResultsIn total, 20 studies assessed the GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis function. A defect in three major components of GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis was found in a significant proportion of pediatric DS patients.ConclusionsA significant portion of short-stature pathogenesis in children with DS is associated with impaired GHRH-GH-IGF1 axis function.
ObjectiveTo analyze and determine the safety and efficacy of growth hormone (GH) treatment in Down syndrome (DS) pediatric patients and to weigh ethical aspects involved.DesignSystematic review and mini meta-analysis of the literature.MethodsA search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO through August 2022. Eligible studies included those who answered at least one of the following two questions: 1) What is the effect of growth hormone treatment in children with Down syndrome? 2) What are the ethical arguments in favor and against growth hormone treatment for children with Down syndrome? Multiple reviewers independently screened each article for eligibility.ResultsIn total sixteen reports detailed medical effects of GH treatment in pediatric DS patients and eight studies dealt with ethical aspects of GH treatment. Treatment with GH resulted in significantly higher growth velocity in patients with DS. The ethical complexity is great but does not present insurmountable difficulties to the therapeutic option.ConclusionsAs GH treatment is safe and effective for short-term height growth, GH therapy should be considered in long-term treatment of DS children.
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