Sleep duration and quality of sleep can affect the type of delivery, length of labor stages, as well as neonates' Apgar score and birth weight. Such predictors of labor and fetal outcome should be assessed during prenatal evaluations.

In recent years, the rate of delivery by Cesarean Section (CS) has increased in many countries. Many factors are responsible for this trend which are beyond the clinical practice of gynecologists. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the preference for delivery type in pregnant women referred to a hospital in Tehran City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pregnant women referred to one of the hospitals in Tehran, in 2016. A questionnaire for determining the women's perspective about the factors associated with the choice of delivery mode was used for data collection. It had two parts; the first part surveyed demographic and obstetric characteristics, and the second part evaluated the preference of pregnant women for delivery type. For analyzing data, the Pearson correlation, the Chi-squared test, and t-test were carried out. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 30.43±4.93 years; 65.8% of them were housewives, and 55.2% had a university education. About 63.5% had not participated in any childbirth education classes. The preferred delivery in 59.28% of the participants was a normal delivery. The correlation test results reported a negative correlation between the scores obtained by pregnant women and their preferred delivery mode (P=0.001, r=-0.6). Furthermore, the t-test results showed a significant difference between the two groups (group in favor of normal delivery and the group in favor of Cesarean Section); those with lower scores (negative views towards normal delivery) preferred CS (P<0.001). The Chi-squared test results reported that women's preference for delivery mode had a significant correlation with their occupation (P=0.042), education (P=0.033), number of children (P=0.001), their first delivery method (P=0.001), and participation in childbirth education classes (P=0.001). In other words, the employed and university student women, those with higher educational level, women with a history of normal delivery and participation in childbirth education classes had a greater tendency toward the normal delivery. Conclusion: The pregnant women's views on the mode of delivery are related to the choice of delivery mode. Education, training, recommendations of phycision and midwife, Spouse, friends, relatives, and maternity preparation classes are directly related to their choice of delivery mode.

Background: Work related factors have been suggested to adversely impact outcomes of pregnancy. The aims of this study were to compare neonatal birth weight in employed and non-employed women and to investigate the relation of 5 common occupational factors including working hours, shift work, standing, bending forward, and physical workload intensity to neonatal birth weight. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out on 370 pregnant women, 185 employed and 185 non-employed. Information were collected about working conditions including working hours, shift work, standing, walking, bending, squatting, physical workload intensity, socio -demographic characteristic, as well as obstetric history of each patient by interview. Association between maternal occupational activity and neonatal birth weight was adjusted for medical and obstetric, occupational details were studied using logistic regression analysis.

Objectives: Constipation is one of the most common issues at the time of pregnancy. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) has always emphasized the use of safe laxatives to relieve constipation during pregnancy.The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Rosa damascena Mill. products on constipation and the quality of life during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This is a single-arm clinical trial study on 35 pregnant women (14-34 weeks) with constipation diagnosed on the basis of Rome IV criteria in Tehran and Qom, Iran during 2018-2019. The consumption of R. damascena products was recommended daily for 4 weeks. Then, the severity of constipation and the quality of life were assessed via the Rome IV criteria and the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Results: This study was performed on 35 pregnant women (14-34 weeks). The consumption of R. damascena products decreased the score of Rome IV criteria (Mean9.4 to 1.1) while increasing the frequency of bowel movements and improving the overall quality of life (P < 0.001). The predominant constipation signs, including straining, lumpy and hard stools, a sensation of incomplete evacuation, a sensation of anorectal obstruction, manual facilitation maneuvers, and less than 3 spontaneous bowel movements per week significantly improved after the consumption of R. damascena products (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Rosa damascena products can effectively treat constipation and enhance the quality of life.