Background and Objectives: Controversy exists regarding the need for a space maintainer after early unilateral loss of a primary first molar. This study aimed to assess the need for a space maintainer after unilateral loss of a primary first molar in the early mixed dentition period. Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, fifty children between 6 and 8 years who had lost a primary first molar unilaterally later than 6 months ago were randomly selected. Midline deviation, molar and canine relationships at both sides, facial growth pattern, and the amount of space loss were all assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 via the one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and linear regression (alpha = 0.05). Results. The mean amount of space loss was 1.36 ± 0.78 mm (1.32 mm in the maxilla and 1.40 mm in the mandible). Time since tooth extraction and facial pattern had significant correlations with space loss P < 0.05 . Conclusion. In this particular age group, it is imperative to precisely assess the related factors such as the facial pattern and time since tooth extraction to decide about the placement of a space maintainer for a prematurely lost primary first molar.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the fracture resistance of a bulk-fill and a conventional composite and a combination of both for coronal restoration of severely damaged primary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 45 primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups. After root canal preparation, the canals were filled with Metapex paste such that after the application of 1 mm of light-cure liner, 3 mm of the coronal third of the canal remained empty for composite post fabrication. Filtek Z250 conventional composite was used in group 1, Sonic-Fill bulk-fill composite was used in group 2 and Sonic-Fill with one layer of Filtek Z250 as the veneering were used in group 3. Adper Single Bond 2 was used in all groups. The teeth were thermocycled, and fracture resistance was measured by a universal testing machine. The mode of fracture was categorized as repairable or irreparable. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean fracture resistance was 307.00±74.72, 323.31±84.28 and 333.30±63.96 N in groups 1 to 3, respectively (P=0.55). The mean fracture strength was 14.53±2.98, 15.08±2.82 and 15.26±3.02 MPa in groups 1 to 3, respectively (P=0.77). The frequency of repairable mode of failure was 80% for the conventional, 73.6% for the bulk-fill and 80% for the bulk-fill plus conventional group, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: Bulk-fill composites can be used for coronal reconstruction of severely damaged primary anterior teeth similar to conventional composites to decrease the treatment time in pediatric patients.
Aims Dental caries is the most common chronic and infectious childhood disease. Several studies have investigated the side effects of cigarette smoke on oral health. Caries appear to be higher in children exposed to environmental cigarette smoke, but this relationship has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental caries and passive smoker children aged 3–9 years old. Materials and methods This descriptive analytical study was performed on 75 children aged from 3 to 9 years. The study included two groups (first group: control, second group: passive smoker). Demographic data, frequency of toothbrushing and using toothpaste, sugar consumption, and number of dental visits were recorded in a questionnaire. Then, the children were examined, and dmft and DMFT index and plaque index were recorded. Children’s saliva was then collected and sent to the laboratory for determination of cotinine levels. Then, the relationship between passive smoker and caries index and other factors were statistically analyzed. Results Studying dmft and DMFT, it was found that except for component M (Missing) which was zero in both groups, the other components of these two indices were significantly higher in the group exposed to passive smoker. Plaque index and salivary cotinine level were also significantly different in the two groups and were lower in the control group. Conclusion According to the results of this study, children exposed to passive smoker have a higher rate of caries than other children. It seems that it is primarily due to its effect on increasing plaque accumulation and then the effect of passive smoker on the physiological structures of the mouth and so on. Clinical significance We can perform preventive care for children if we know that passive smoking may cause more dental caries. How to cite this article Mosharrafian S, Lohoni S, Mokhtari S. Association between Dental Caries and Passive Smoking and Its Related Factors in Children Aged 3–9 Years Old. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):600–605.
Objectives This study assessed the enamel and dentin margin microleakage of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk‐fill and a conventional composite. Materials and Methods In this in vitro, experimental study, standard class II cavities were created in the proximal surfaces of 60 extracted primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and restored with SonicFill bulk‐fill and Filtek Z250 conventional composite along with Single Bond 2 adhesive. The teeth were coated with two layers of nail varnish to 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the apices were sealed with wax. The teeth underwent 1500 thermal cycles and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. They were then immersed in 1 M silver nitrate in the dark, rinsed with water, immersed in developing solution for 12 h, and exposed to fluorescent light. Next, they were mesiodistally sectioned, and digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The dye penetration depth was measured by a blind observer, and analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test (α = .05). Results No significant difference existed in microleakage between the two composite groups at the enamel (p = .76) or dentin (p = .16) margins. In both composite groups, microleakage at the dentin margins was significantly greater than that at the enamel margins (p = .000). Conclusion Considering the absence of a significant difference in microleakage, SonicFill bulk‐fill composite can be used as an alternative to Filtek Z250 conventional composite for restoration of primary molars to benefit from its advantages such as simpler and faster application.
This study aimed to compare the push-out bond strength of a bulk-fill and a conventional composite resin to root dentin of primary anterior teeth using a 7th-generation dentin bonding agent. This in vitro study evaluated 24 primary anterior teeth randomly divided into two groups: Filtek P60 conventional and Filtek bulk-fill composite resins. Single Bond Universal adhesive was used for bonding. After filling the coronal part of the canal with composite resin, the teeth were mounted in acrylic resin and sliced to obtain a 1-mm-thick section of each root. Next, the sections underwent the push-out bond strength test. After determining the push-out bond strength, the failure mode was determined under a light microscope at ×40 magnification. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and t-test. The mean push-out bond strength was 13.37±4.40 MPa in the conventional and 5.40±2.91 MPa in the bulk-fill composite resin groups. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). In the conventional group, 50% of failures were cohesive in the traditional combined resin group, while in the bulk-fill composite resin group, 75% of losses were mixed. Filtek P60 conventional composite resin and Single Bond Universal 7th-generation bonding agent were determined as appropriate for fabricating intracanal composite posts in primary anterior teeth. Keywords: Push-out, Bond strength, Bulk-fill composite resin, Root dentin, Primary anterior teeth.
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