Advances in the traditional method of subsurface porous clay pipe irrigation rely on knowledge of the distribution of water in the soil. Knowing the relationships among the hydraulic and physical parameters in the system is important for both the design and management of the system. To simulate the infiltration from the porous clay pipe and predict the wetted zone geometry in the soil, a computer model is developed herein. Laboratory experiments were conducted on soil samples representing two different soil textures in a specially designed bin to understand the flow phenomenon and to validate the developed model. In a given soil texture, the installation depth of the pipe and the volume of water applied in the soil are the major factors affecting the wetted zone. The relationships among various parameters, namely lateral spacing, installation depth, irrigation run time, hydraulic conductivity of the body of the pipe, and hydraulic head in the system, were established using the developed model. Key words infiltration; porous clay pipe; subsurface irrigation; wetting front; soil texture; hydraulic conductivity; matric potential; unsaturated flow; model simulation Simulation de l'infiltration à partir d'un tuyau d'argile poreux en irrigation souterraine Résumé Les améliorations apportées à la méthode traditionnelle d'irrigation souterraine par tuyaux d'argile poreux dépendent de la connaissance de la distribution de l'eau dans le sol. Il est important de connaître les relations qui existent entre les paramètres hydrauliques et physiques du système, à la fois pour la conception et la gestion du système. Pour simuler l'infiltration à partir du tuyau d'argile poreux et prédire la géométrie de la zone humide dans le sol, un modèle de simulation informatique a été développé. Des expériences en laboratoire ont été conduites sur des échantillons de sol présentant deux textures différentes dans un silo spécialement conçu pour comprendre le phénomène d'écoulement et pour alimenter la validation du modèle. Dans une texture de sol donnée, la profondeur d'installation du tuyau et le volume d'eau déversé dans le sol sont les principaux facteurs à affecter la zone humide. Les relations entre les différents paramètres que sont l'espacement latéral, la profondeur d'installation, la durée d'irrigation, la conductivité hydraulique du tuyau et la charge hydraulique dans le système, ont été établies en utilisant le modèle développé.
Abadan date palm plantations have long been irrigated by rivers under the tidal effects of the Persian Gulf. During high tides, river water makes subirrigation possible while during low tides the same ditches drain out the plant root zone. Recently parts of the plantation have been under traditional drainage and surprisingly failed to work efficiently. In order to find the cause, the hydraulic conductivity of the soil layers was measured using parallel drains which show that the topsoil up to 70 cm is very permeable, but then up to 95 cm it is impermeable. Piezometric measurements also show that the soil between 70 and 130 cm is impermeable. The ratio of contribution (RC) of the soil layers to the total flow in the soil profile decreases with depth. Values of the RC for the first 60 and 70 cm soil depths are about 91 and 98% respectively. Although soil texture in the first layer has been classified as clay, biological activities, mostly live roots, have changed both the magnitude and size of the pores. It was concluded that in tidal subirrigation, only the upper part of the soil which has been under the root spread can be assumed to be permeable. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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