Porokeratosis is a rare disorder characterized by atrophic macules or patches, with a well‐defined ridge‐like hyperkeratotic border called cornoid lamella. Although the exact pathogenesis is unknown, drug associated cases have recently been reported in the literature. As such, we systematically reviewed and identified drugs associated with drug‐induced porokeratosis, their resultant effects, and whether there was a casual relationship between the use of a drug and the development of porokeratosis. We searched for articles which reported drug‐induced porokeratosis in MEDLINE and Embase in June 2020. After full‐text review, 25 studies were included for analysis. We identified 26 patients with drug‐induced porokeratosis. The most common therapies associated with development of porokeratosis is biologic use, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. The most common clinical variants were the disseminated superficial or actinic types (60%), which occurred in psoriasis patients undergoing phototherapy, and eruptive disseminated type (24%) which occurred in the context of biologic therapies. The Naranjo score ranged from possible to probable for the identified treatments. Clinicians should consider drug reactions as possible triggering events for porokeratosis, especially for patients taking biologics, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. Large‐scale studies are required to confirm our findings and further explore the pathogenesis for drug‐induced porokeratosis.
This systematic review summarizes characteristics and treatment outcomes of dental amalgam-associated oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) and oral lichen planus (OLP). Embase and MEDLINE were searched for original studies on OLLs or OLP associated with dental amalgam. Data extraction was completed from 44 studies representing 1855 patients. Removal of amalgam restorations led to complete resolution in 54.2% (n = 423/781), partial resolution in 34.8% (n = 272/781), and no resolution in 11.0% (n = 86/781) of the patients with OLLs, whereas complete resolution occurred in 37.1% (n = 72/ 194), partial resolution in 26.3% (n = 51/194), and no resolution in 36.6% (n = 71/194) of the patients with OLP. For patients with OLLs, 91.6% of the patients with positive patch tests and 82.9% with negative patch tests had improvement with removal of amalgam, whereas for patients with OLP, 89.2% of the patients with positive patch tests and 78.9% with negative patch tests had improvement with removal of amalgam. Our results suggest improvement occurs, regardless of patch testing status.
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