Background: Gonial and Frankfurt mandibular plane angles are two of the most important measurements required for orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. Currently, lateral cephalograms are used for the determination of Go and FMA angles; however, in this method, measuring individual gonial angles becomes difficult due to the superimposed images of anatomical structures in a lateral cephalogram. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to check the possible application of panoramic radiograph to determine gonial and Frankfurt mandibular plane angles. Material and Methods: A total of 90 panoramic and 90 cephalometric radiographs were obtained retrospectively from patients who attended our orthodontic clinic. The mean age of the patients was 18.9±5.9 years. Gonial and Frankfurt mandibular angles were determined on both lateral cephalograms and OPGs and the patients were divided into three groups of horizontal, normal, and vertical growers. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for data evaluation. Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there were significant correlations between the means of Gonial and Frankfurt mandibular plane angles determined by OPG and Lateral cephalograms. (p<0.01) Conclusion: Panoramic radiograph can be reliably used to determine of gonial and Frankfurt mandibular angle and thus reduce the need for obtaining further cephalometric images from patients.
Background and Objective:Studies have documented that deviations in skeletal components such as the cranial base, the mid-facial complex and the mandible may be associated with morphological factors in patients with class III skeletal malocclusion. Furthermore, deviations in head and neck posture may be associated with the class III skeletal malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to compare cervical vertebrae morphology in patients with class III skeletal malocclusion and adults with normal occlusion.Materials and Methods:This case-control study assessed 30 patients with class III skeletal malocclusion (aged 17-30 yrs, with normal vertical growth pattern and ANB<0) were compared with 46 controls (aged 17-30 years, with normal vertical growth pattern, ANB=3+1). Cervical vertebrae anomalies (fusion anomalies and posterior arch deficiency) were assessed via evaluation of their lateral cephalograms. The t- test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.Results:In the study group, 73.3% had fusion of the body of the cervical vertebrae, while in the control group only 32.6% showed fusion. The fusion in the control group was between C2 and C3 in all cases; whereas, in the study group, fusion was seen between C2-C3, C3-C¬4 or C4-C¬5. Additionally, cervical column deviations occurred significantly more often in the study group compared to the control group (P<0.001).Conclusion:Class III skeletal malocclusion may be associated with fusion of cervical vertebrae and deviation of the cervical column.
With regard to the vertical problem of skeletal open-bite malocclusion, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of upper posterior bite-plane on the dentoskeletal changes of skeletal open-bite malocclusion. The material consisted of 23 patients, with skeletal open-bite in mixed dentition period. The patients were treated by upper removable posterior bite plane appliance. Before and after treatment lateral cephalogram were obtained. Certain angular and linear variables were measured. The pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements were compared using paired t-test to evaluate the significance of the results. There were significant changes in vertical incisor overlap following treatment with upper posterior bite plane. Increase of PFH, Jaraback index, UAFH/LAFH ratio were significant .There was significant decrease in SN-MP angle. The dentoalveolar heights of the upper and lower anterior segment were increased as well as the distance of the lower molars to mandibular plan. Only the maxillary first molar height did not change.
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