Purpose-This study aims to examine the relationship of work-family demands with employees' well-being, and the role of management/supervisory support in this relationship. The following hypotheses were proposed: work-family demands would be negatively related to employees' well-being; management/ supervisory support would moderate the relationship of work-family demands with employees' well-being. Design/methodology/approach-The researchers used 250 working female academicians as respondents, working in the research universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Their ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. Findings-The findings of the present study proved that the work-family demands were negatively associated with employees' well-being. Results also revealed that management and supervisory support strengthens the relationship between work-family demands and employees' well-being. Thus, management and supervisory support plays an important role in balancing work demands and family roles and also in increasing working female academicians' well-being. Originality/value-In this study, management and supervisory support was found to be directly related to well-being, including life satisfaction, job satisfaction and family satisfaction. However, the direct relationship between management/supervisory support and well-being was positive and significant. This study also found that management/supervisor support reduced work-family conflict and work-family The authors would like to thank a Research and Development Division at Academy of Islamic Studies for financial assistance to prepare this article. The grant provided to the authors under research project RP028B-16HNE is highly appreciated.
Muslim society in Malaysia acknowledge the existence of Shafi'i madhhab since the spread of Islam in this region. This madhhab had influenced the society's thoughts and practices through the traditional education system, literatures, laws and the local scholars. Basically, Muslim society in Malaysia are bound by the opinion of Shafi'i madhhab as declared in the enactment of the states. Nevertheless, there are rooms for another madhhabs to be selected and practiced in Malaysia if certain issues are related to public interest (maslahah). On the other hand, the use of madhhabs, talfiq and takhayyur have become a polemic among the scholars regarding its necessity and validity. Hence, this article attempts to estimate to what extent the practices of Muslim society in Malaysia in devotion aspect are still bound by the opinions of the Shafi'i madhhab. The related issues that will be discussed are ablution (taharah), prayer, fasting and zakat. To obtain the data needed, questionnaires had been distributed to selected respondents with religious education background from Kelantan, Terengganu, Perlis, Kedah, Johor and Kuala Lumpur. These states represent north, east, south and middle part of Malaysia. Besides that, interview with several informant also had been conducted.
تÙعد نازلة الغلو ÙÙŠ التكÙير من أخطر النوازل التي يواجهها المسلمون ÙÙŠ العصر الØاضر. وذلك للآثار المترتبة على التكÙير من الإضرار Ø¨Ø§Ù„Ù…ØµØ§Ù„Ø Ø§Ù„Ø¶Ø±ÙˆØ±ÙŠØ© للخلق، وهي Ø§Ù„Ù…ØµØ§Ù„Ø Ø§Ù„ØªÙŠ Ø£Øاطتها الشريعة بالعناية البالغة، وهي ØÙظ الدين والنÙس والعقل والنسل والمال. وقد ÙƒÙÙ„ الإسلام ÙÙŠ Ø£Øكامه وتعاليمه Øرية الاعتقاد، Ùمن اختار الإسلام ديناً بمØض إرادته، Ùهو مستØÙ‚ لهذا الوصÙØŒ له ماللمسلمين، وعليه ما عليهم، ولذا Ù†Ùهي عن رميه بالكÙر، Øملاً Ù„Øال المسلم على الصلاØØŒ ولأن من ثبت إسلامه بيقين، لا يزول عنه وص٠الإسلام إلا بيقين. لقد ابتلي المسلمون ÙÙŠ هذا العصر بجماعات تÙطلق Ø£Øكام التكÙير دون مراعاة لشروط أو ضوابط أو موانع. وقد كان الØكم بالكÙر منذ الصدر الأول ÙÙŠ الإسلام، ولكنه ÙÙŠ إطار ضيق جداً، أما ظاهرة التكÙير Ùقد ÙˆÙلدت مع الخوارج. ÙأصبØت بذلك ظاهرة خطيرة، تهدد المجتمع والأمة. وقد انقسمت الآراء ÙÙŠ قضية التكÙير بين Ø¥Ùراط وتÙريط، Ùمنهم من ينÙÙŠ قضية الكÙر تماماً، ومنهم من تساهل ÙÙŠ إطلاق هذا الØكم دون مراعاة للقواعد والضوابط التي وضعها الÙقهاء. تهد٠هذه الدراسة إلى بيان ماهية التكÙير، وتØديد الضوابط التي اتÙÙ‚ عليها الÙقهاء ÙÙŠ إطلاق Øكم الكÙر، وتنزيلها عند بعض الغلاة، وقد مثَّل الباØØ« لذلك ÙÙŠ بعض الجماعات ÙÙŠ سوريا، لأنها المثال الØÙŠ الذي Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ø£Ø±Ø¶Ø§Ù‹ خصبة لأدبيات ÙˆÙتاوى الغلاة ÙÙŠ التسع سنوات الأخيرة. ولتØقيق هد٠الدراسة، سيسير الباØØ« على المنهج الوصÙÙŠ التØليلي، واستقراء النصوص الÙقهية التي تؤصل لهذه لضوابط. ومن النتائج التي توصل إليها البØØ« أن تكÙير المسلم من أخطر الظواهر التي نتج عنها استباØØ© الدماء والأموال والأعراض. التكÙير Øكم شرعي، ولابد ÙÙŠ الأØكام الشرعية من اتباع مسلك العلماء ÙÙŠ الاستنباط، وعدم الوقو٠على ظواهر النصوص واجتزائها. ومن النتائج أيضاً أن تكÙير الأشخاص من مسؤولية الإÙتاء والقضاء، ولا يترك الخوض Ùيه لعامة الناس وطلبة العلم المبتدئين، أو أنصا٠المتعلمين، ممن ليسوا من أهل الاجتهاد والÙتوى، ولا ورع عندهم عن إطلاق Ø£Øكام التكÙير. الكلمات المÙتاØية: التكÙير- الغلو- ضوابط
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