Kajian ini adalah untuk merekonstruksi vokal dan diftong bahasa Melanau Purba (BMLP) yang wujud di Sarawak. Rekonstruksi BMLP ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah perbandingan kualitatif. Rekonstruksi vokal dan diftong ini menggunakan kaedah rekonstruksi dalaman. Kriteria rekonstruksi yang digunakan ialah menentukan kata kognat, mencari perangkat kesepadanan, menentukan rekurensi fonem dan memperoleh fonem purba.Tiga belas varian Melanau (VM) Sarawak telah diselidiki, iaitu Bintulu (BT), Balingian (BLGN), Mukah (MKH), Oya (OA), Igan (IGN), Dalat (DLT), Matu (MT), Daro (DO), Medong (MDG), Sungai UD (SG UD), Rajang (RJG), Kanowit (KNWT) dan Tanjong (TJG). Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa BMLP yang direkonstruksikan ini memiliki 5 fonem vokal, iaitu *i, *u, *o,*, dan *a dan 6 buah diftong, iaitu *-w, *-aw, *-aj, *-ej, *uj, dan *-oj. Kehadiran fonem-fonem purba ini, iaitu fonem vokal atau fonem diftong terjadi secara teratur dan dapat diramalkan. Keberadaan beberapa ciri sporadik pada fonem vokal, misalnya BMP *i, *u, *o, *, *a, dan fonem diftong, iaitu *-w, *-aw, *-aj, *-ej, *uj, dan *-oj pada distribusi yang tertentu adalah satu ciri yang menggambarkan bahawa fenomena ini terjadi masih baru dan sulit untuk diperjelaskan. Namun begitu, andaian awal kita ialah terjadinya inovasi sporadik ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh faktor migrasi setempat. Proses migrasi ini baru terjadi sehingga mewujudkan ciri inovasi tersebut. Kajian rekonstruksi BMP ini adalah satu kajian pada tahap rendah dan kajian ini telah merintis usaha-usaha untuk merekonstruksi BMP pada tahap yang lebih tinggi, iaitu dengan melakukan perbandingan fonem vokal dan diftong dengan bahasa Melayu Polinesia Purba (PMP).
Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Makalah ini bertujuan menyerlahkan perbezaan penyuaraan bunyi frikatif Arab bersuara dan tak bersuara yang dihasilkan oleh penutur Melayu. Kajian lepas membuktikan bahawa penutur Melayu sering melakukan kesalahan pertuturan faringealisasi Arab. Metodologi: Analisis ciri-ciri akustik bunyi frikatif Melayu dan Arab di awal kata menggunakan parameter tempoh frikasi, justeru, dilaksanakan bagi menyerlahkan persamaan dan perbezaan bunyi konsonan berkenaan. Kaedah analisis spektrograf menerusi perisian Praat dimanfaatkan bagi membolehkan pengkaji memindahkan data rakaman ujaran dalam bentuk spektrogram dan melakukan penelitian akustik. Hasil dapatan analisis akustik dimanipulasikan menerusi SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Data spektogram sebanyak 2960 diperoleh daripada rakaman ujaran subjek kajian seramai 24 orang pelajar ijazah Sarjana Muda Pengajian Bahasa Arab dan Tamadun Islam Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Proses rakaman terlebih dahulu dijalankan di studio rakaman Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, UKM menggunakan alat perakam TASCAM MP3/WAV. Senarai perkataan mengandungi bunyi frikatif di awal kata bagi kedua-dua bahasa dibaca oleh subjek kajian dengan keadaan tahap pertuturan yang selesa, iaitu tidak terlalu perlahan dan tidak terlalu laju. Subjek diminta mengulangi perkataan tersebut sebanyak lima kali. Dapatan Kajian: Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa bunyi frikatif tak bersuara /s/ adalah lebih panjang berbanding bunyi bersuara /z/. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa tiada hubungan signifikan antara bunyi /س/ dan /sˤ/ dan /ز/ dan /zˤ/. Secara khususnya, kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa tidak semua bunyi faringealisasi Arab dipengaruhi bahasa ibunda. Bunyi ini mampu juga dikuasai oleh bukan penutur natif Arab. Implikasi: Kajian ini memberi implikasi signifikan terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa kedua di Malaysia serta perkembangan ilmu fonetik akustik di Malaysia khususnya bagi menambah baik sebutan frikatif Arab dalam kalangan penutur natif Melayu. Kata kunci: Akustik, bahasa Arab, gangguan bahasa, pemindahan bahasa, tempoh frikasi. Abstract Background and Purpose: This paper aims to highlight the voicing contrast of Arabic and Malay fricatives produced by Malay native speakers. Previous studies show that Malay speakers often make mistakes on Arabic pharyngealisation. Methodology: This study, thus, analysed the frication duration characteristics of Malay and Arabic fricatives in initial word position and highlight their similarities and differences. The spectrographic analysis method via Praat software was utilized to enable the researcher to transfer speech recording data into a spectrogram and analysed acoustically. A total of 2960 spectrograms was obtained from the recording of 24 subjects’ utterences. The subjects are undergraduate students of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The recording process was performed in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UKM recording studio using TASCAM MP3 / WAV recorder. A word list that contains the fricative sound at the beginning of each word in both languages was read by subjects with comfortable speech level, i.e. neither slow nor too fast. Subjects were asked to repeat the word five times. Findings: The result of the acoustic analysis was manipulated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This study found that the fricative sound / s / is longer than the sound / z / for both languages. The findings also show that there is no significant relationship between sound / س / and / sˤ / and / ز / and / zˤ /. In particular, this study confirms that not all Arabic pharyngealisation are influenced by their native language. It can be mastered also by non-native speakers of Arabic. Contributions: This study provides significant implications for learning Arabic as a second language in Malaysia as well as the development of acoustic phonetics, particularly, in improving the fricative pronunciation of Arabic among native speakers of Malay. Keywords: Acoustic, Arabic, frication duration, language interference, language transfer. Cite as: Shahidi A. H., Radzi, M. P., Aman, R., CheLaeh, M., & Anwar, O. D. (2020). Ciri-ciri akustik kontras penyuaraan bunyi frikatif Arab berasaskan parameter tempoh frikasi [The acoustic properties of Arabic fricative voicing contrast based on the frication duration parameter]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 143-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp143-168
Orang Asli, the indigenous community in Malaysia, is among minority groups facing difficulties acquiring the Malay language as a second language. Poor achievement and lack of research on the secondary school level among indigenous students have motivated the inquisition for this study. Using an ethnographic case study research design, a qualitative research approach was used to explore indigenous students' Malay language acquisition and learning experience. A total of 13 participants were chosen by purposive sampling technique in this research, comprising eight Orang Asli students from the Temiar tribe, two teachers and three of the students' parents. To acquire an in-depth picture of the phenomena, the data was collected using observation methods, interviews, and field notes at the only secondary boarding school of indigenous people on the Malay Peninsula's west coast. The study findings were analysed using the continuous comparison method to identify the themes and subthemes involved. The findings revealed that the learning and acquisition of the Malay language as a second language were among the skills learned in school, just like any other subjects. This study shows that efforts to cultivate the use of the Malay language were found challenging due to the less conducive school and social environments for a second language acquisition process. Thus, this study contributes to a better understanding of indigenous students perceive their second language, which has implications for improving Malay language teaching and learning practices as a second language, particularly among the Orang Asli community in Malaysia.
Background and Purpose: Dialectical studies scrutinised the closeness, kinship or genealogy of dialects derived from a language. Previous scholars divide Malay dialects in Peninsular Malaysia into four main clusters. The first cluster are the Johor-Melaka-Selangor and Central Perak. The second cluster is a group that spreads from the Patani region covering the Patani-Kelantan-Terengganu dialect. The third is the Negeri Sembilan cluster, and the fourth is the Kedah dialect. Generally, the Kedah dialect is divided into seven groups, covering Kedah (including Langkawi), Perlis, Penang and northern Perak Taiping. This study aims to investigate the Malay dialect variants in Langkawi Island via the Historical Linguistics approach and qualitative comparison research design. Methodology: This study utilised the qualitative research method. A total of 23 native speakers of Langkawi Malay dialect participated in this study. These informants were selected using NORM (an acronym for non-mobile, older, rural and males). Data collection mainly used several techniques such as interviews, recordings, and observations. The data were analysed based on the scope of comparative linguistics. Findings: The findings show that there are five characteristics of separated innovation between the Kuah and Air Hangat variants in one group and the Kedawang variant in other groups. Furthermore, there are nine innovations that separate the Langkawi Malay dialect from the Proto Malayik language. This study indicates that the Kedawang variant is an earlier variant apart from the Kuah and Air Hangat variants. Contributions: In addition to further strengthen the research on the various dialects spoken in Malaysia, this study attempts to highlight the complete description of the Kedah dialect varieties. This study also contributes to the science of Malay language variants and Malay Dialectology studies. Keywords: Historical linguistics, reconstruction, innovation, Langkawi Island, Malay dialect. Cite as: Ab. Hamid, N., Shahidi, A. H., Aman, R., Ramli, N., Zakaria, Z., & Iswary, E. (2022). Malay dialect variants in Langkawi: A diachronic perspective analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 142-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp142-167
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.