Background: Anaphylaxis or Type I hypersensitivity response is an acute, severe, and potentially life-threatening response to an allergen. It occurs as an immune mediated reaction due to the release of mediators by mast cells. The anaphylactic response involves skin, cardiovascular, respiratory or gastrointestinal systems. In dental settings, anaphylaxis can be faced in reaction to multiple medications including the administration of local anesthetic agents. The reaction involves difficulty in breathing, light headedness, wheezing or clammy skin. The knowledge and attitude of the treating dentist related to the anaphylaxis reaction is of prime importance as it may result in morbidity or mortality if not managed properly. Aim and objective: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners in Islamabad-Rawalpindi related to anaphylaxis reactions in patients who have been administered local anesthesia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad-Rawalpindi between Jan to June 2021. Total 377 dentist were enrolled in this study after taking consent the closed-ended questionnaire-filled. The questionnaire had two sections regarding the knowledge and practice attitude towards anaphylaxis reaction in response to local anesthesia. The data was analyzed by chi-Square test using SPSS version 24. Results: There were 377 dentists in the sample, with the age between 5-30 years old, with less than 5 years of experience. Only 4% of dentists said they routinely offer a test dosage, despite the fact that 96% of dentists had the practice of asking about previous medication allergies before beginning treatment. Just 28.9% of dentists were doing aspiration before the administration of local anesthesia with 63.1% were checked expiry date. Interestingly, most dentists kept epinephrine, antihistamine, corticosteroids, glucagon, and albutamol as emergency medicine but 79.7% agreed on epinephrine as a drug of choice and injected intramuscularly. Conclusion: Although anaphylaxis during dental operations is uncommon, it may have serious repercussions if it does occur. Results from the current research highlight dentists' knowledge gaps when it comes to dealing with adverse responses. Keywords: Anaphylaxis, Epinephrine, Hypersensitivity, Local anesthetic agent
Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness and attitude of covid-19 among Pakistani dental students. Design of the Study: It’s a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at HBS Dental College, Islamabad & Rawal Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), Islamabad from August 2020 to January 2021. Material and Methods: For collection of data, a validated close-ended questionnaire was used. Response of dental students was taken using an electronic based questionnaire distributed through E-mails, Whatsap and Google forms. A total of 305 dental students completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire contained of three demographic features, 21 questions about knowledge, seven items about attitudes, and seven items about preventive measures, adapted from an earlier published questionnaire about corona virus. Convenience sampling technique was applied for collection of data and a response of respondents was presented as %. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS V-23 taking value of p<0.05 as significant. Results of the Study: Present study included a total of 305 participants out of which 120 dental students (39.34%) were males and 185 (60.65%) were females. The majority of the participants i.e., 160 of them belonged to the age group of 17-24 years (52.40%). Almost 60.65% respondents correctly answered about statement of incubation period “2-14 days”, and 83.60% replied that COVID-19 might be present without symptoms. Out of 305 students 97.70% have replied that frequent washing of hands with soap or alcohol mixed hand sanitizer are satisfactory methods to avoid transmission of Corona virus. Conclusion: In this study dental students are satisfactorily aware from the pandemic and its promising consequences. However in this study fear of transferring the COVID-19 infection to their families and friends was a significant concern. Majority of the dental students looked to have adequate awareness about corona virus and precautionary steps taken to avoid from COVID-19 transmission for both patients and dental students. Keywords: COVID-19, corona virus, awareness, knowledge, dental students, questionnaire.
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