Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a degenerative disease of retina which involves the pigment deposition in periphery of retina. In RP, there is degeneration of the rods and cones. So, RP is called as cone and rod dystrophy. Occurrence of RP is 1 in 4000 in human population. Major forms in which RP exist are simple, syndromic, non-syndromic.Photophobia, patchy loss of peripheral vision, tunnel vision, and color perception impairment are the symptoms of Retinitis pigmentosa. Electroretinogram (ERG), Electro-oculogram (EOG) are the diagnostic test utilized to diagnose RP. Different treatments are utilized to treat retinitis pigmentosa.
Objective: To find outthe frequency of cardiogenic shock in patients with ACS Study design: Cross sectional study Methodology:A calculated sample of 240 patients presented with acute coronary syndrome confirmed clinically and/or on the basis of ECG and cardiac markers was taken. In addition to collecting basic demographic details patients were inquired about the presence of risk factors (smoking status, diabetesand hypertension).The collected data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Quantitative variable were presented in the form of mean, range and standard deviation. Results:Out of 240 patients, 33 patients (13.8%) were having cardiogenic shock and 207 patients (86.2%) were not. In the patients presented with cardiogenic shock, there were 21 (8.8%) with STEMI, 10 (4.2%) with NSTEMI and 2 (0.8%) with unstable angina. In STEMI there were 14 patients (5.8%) with anterior wall MI, 4 patients (1.7%) with inferior wall MI and 3 patients (1.2%) with lateral wall MI. Conclusion:Frequency of cardiogenic shock in patients presented with ACS was 13.8%. It was more commonin patients presented with ST-segment elevation MI as compared to unstable angina and NSTEMI. In STEMI, anterior wall was more involvement was more predominant. Keywords: ACS, Cardiogenic shock, Unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
The present investigation is concerned with formulation and Evaluation of Diclofenac topical gel an anti-inflammatory, analgesic drug to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. The diclofenac gel were prepared by using different concentration of different polymers. Six formulations were developed with varying concentrations of polymers like Carbopol, HPMC. The gels were tested for clarity, homogeneity, washability, spreadabiliy, PH, percentage drug content, skin irritation, permeability studies. From the study it was concluded that HPMC gel containing diclofenac sodium showed good consistency, homogeneity, spreadability, washability and permeability and has wider prospect for topical preparations as compared to Carbopol gel containing diclofenac sodium.
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