Background: Infertility is one of the most common conditions confronting Gynecologists and tubal factor is one of the most common causes of infertility. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy are used as methods for diagnosis of tubal patency in infertility. HSG is an OPD procedure and, for many years has been used as an invaluable procedure for diagnosis of tubal patency and intrauterine pathology in infertility. Laparoscopy is an invasive procedure and is used for evaluation of tuboperitoneal factors. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of tubal pathology in infertility in comparison to laparoscopy Methods: 60 patients of infertility were evaluated in the department of Gynecology and obstetrics, Government Lalla Ded Hospital ,Srinagar from April 2013 to August 2014. A prospective cross sectional study was performed. HSG was performed in the pre-ovulatory phase .Laparoscopy was performed under general anesthesia at least three months after HSG in the premenstrual phase. Diagnostic laparoscopy was considered as the reference standard in detecting tubal blockade and findings of hysterosalpingography were compared with laparoscopy. Results: All the patients in the study group were complaining of infertility. The total number of patients in this study was 60 in which 41 were in primary infertility group and 19 were in secondary infertility group. The age of patients was between 21 and 39 years. The average duration of primary infertility was 4.08 years and secondary infertility was 5.15 years. The sensitivity of HSG was 90.91% (95%CI: 76.43-96.86) and specificity was 77.78% (95%CI 59.24-89.39) with positive predictive value of 83.33% (95%CI 68.11-92.13) and negative predictive value of 87.50% (95%CI 69.0-95.66),when tubal pathology was defined as any form of tubal occlusion detected at laparoscopy, either one sided or two sided. The further advantage of laparoscopy is the possibility of visualization of some other pelvic abnormalities which may be the cause of infertility. In our study, in patients with tubal block, adnexal adhesions were found in 15 (45%), endometriosis in 8(25%) and suspected intratubal block in 10(30%). Conclusion: HSG is the first step diagnostic test for assessment of fallopian tubes. Although laparoscopy is more invasive than HSG, laparoscopy with chromotubation is the gold standard for diagnosis of tubal block, and for identifying periadnexal adhesions and endometriosis and thus to guide appropriate therapy.
Introduction:Prevalence of viral infections in high risk pregnancies has not been studied so far in our population. Current research aimed to study the prevalence of viral infections in high risk pregnancies. Material and methods:The Study was prospective for a period of one and a half year. Hundred high risk patients with hundred controls were studied. The viral infections studied included Rubella, Herpes Simplex Type 1 and Type 2, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HBsAg, HCV, HIV-1 and 2Results: The mean age of the women in the study group was 25.2+4 years and in the controls was 25.2+4 years Out of 100 cases studied 29% were positive for CMV, vs 6% control group (p < 0.05), 19% were positive for Rubella IgM, vs 1% in controls. 21% cases were positive for HSV-1/ HSV-2 IgM, vs 7% in controls, 5% were positive for HbsAg, vs nil in controls. 7% were positive for HEV IgM, vs nil in controls. No case of HCV IgM was found in study or control group. One case of HIV IgM was found in study group and none in control group. Conclusion:The seroprevalence of viral infections is significantly higher in high risk pregnancies as compared to controls. CMV infection was the most prevalent viral infection in our studied population.
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common causes of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Profound changes in coagulation and fibrinolytic system occur during normal pregnancy causing hypercoagulable state. Early identification of high risk women and monitoring derangements in their coagulation system are surely pivotal in the prevention of complications. Hence, this study was undertaken to compare the coagulation profile in pre-eclamptic and eclamptic patients with normotensive pregnant patients Hypertension is one of the common medical complications of pregnancy and contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is a sign of an underlying pathology which may be preexisting or appear for the first time during pregnancy. Various haematological changes like numerical and functional platelet abnormalities, alteration in haemoglobin and erythrocyte parameters and hypercoagulable state may be seen. Aims and Objectives: Evaluation of coagulation profile in PIH. Materials and Methods: A one year study was carried in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics on 100 PIH cases. Coagulation profile (PT, aPTT, INR and D-dimer) was done in all cases and values were correlated with the severity of PIH. Results: Total of 100 cases were included in the study. 32 were mild GH, 17cases were severe GH, 35 cases were mild pre-eclampsia and 16cases were in severe pre-eclampsia group. Prolonged PT, aPTT and D-Dimer was seen in 15 cases, 42 cases and 38 cases respectively. In our study we observed increased mean aPTT of 31.61+-2.89 and increased D-Dimer of 0.34±0.31 in severe pre-eclampsia patients. Hence we emphasize that raised aPTT, D-Dimer are alarming signs for aggressive treatment. Conclusion: Raised aPTT and D-dimer are fairly good indicator of severe pre-eclampsia and needs aggressive treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.