In situ U-Th/Pb (LA-ICP-MS) monazite ages from the Hindu Kush of NW Pakistan provide new petrochronologic constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Himalaya-Karakoram-Tibet orogen. Monazites from two adjacent garnet + staurolite schist specimens yield multiple age populations that record the major Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformational, magmatic and metamorphic events along the southern margin of Eurasia. These include the accretion of the Hindu Kush-SW Pamir to Eurasia during the Late Triassic, followed by the accretion of the Karakoram terrane in the Early Jurassic. Younger Jurassic and Cretaceous ages record the development of an Andean-style volcanic arc along the southern Eurasian margin, which ended with the docking of the Kohistan island arc and the emplacement of the Kohistan-Ladakh batholith during the Late Cretaceous. The initial Eocene collision of India with Eurasia was followed by widespread hightemperature metamorphism and anatexis associated with crustal thickening within the Himalaya system in the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene.
This paper proves the Hyers-Ulam stability and the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation with single constant delay and finite impulses on a compact interval. Our approach uses abstract Gronwall lemma together with integral inequality of Gronwall type for piecewise continuous functions.
New U-(Th)/Pb geochronology and geochemical analyses of plutonic bodies in the Hindu Kush range, NW Pakistan, provide insight on the crustal growth and tectonic evolution of the southern Eurasian margin. These new data outline a protracted magmatic history that spans the Cambrian to the Neogene (ca. 538 to 23 Ma) and record a variety of petrogenetic associations variably influenced by within plate, volcanic arc, and collision tectonic environments. The Kafiristan pluton (538 ± 4 to 487 ± 3 Ma) yields geochemical signatures consistent with extensional plutonism and rifting of the Hindu Kush terrane from Gondwana. The Tirich Mir (127 ± 1 to 123 ± 1 Ma) and Buni-Zom (110 ± 1 to 104 ± 1 Ma) plutons have geochemical signatures that can be attributed to a subduction related continental volcanic arc system that developed along the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic. The Garam Chasma pluton, the youngest body in the study area (27.3 ± 0.5 to 22.8 ± 0.4 Ma), yields a geochemical signature consistent with widespread anatexis during crustal thickening related to the development of the Himalaya. The present geochemical and geochronological analysis from the Hindu Kush have produced important new constraints on the timing of tectonic events and variable tectonic settings along the south Eurasian margin before and after the continued India-Asia collision.
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