Several classes of non-planar metallic and dielectric waveguides have been proposed in the literature for guidance of terahertz (THz) or Tray radiation. In this review, we focus on the development of dielectric waveguides, in the THz regime, with reduced loss and dispersion. First, we examine different THz spectroscopy configurations and fundamental equations employed for characterization of THz waveguides. Then we divide THz dielectric waveguides into three classes: solid-core, hollow-core, and porous-core waveguides. The guiding mechanism, fabrication steps, measured loss, and dispersion are presented for the waveguides in each class in chronological order. The goal of this review is to compare and contrast the current solutions for guiding THz radiation.

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An Australian research group has investigated a number of terahertz application areas including liquid Tray spectroscopy, bioaffinity sensing, image rendering, tomography, microwire Tray transmission, and detection through plastic layers.

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We develop a technique based on a micromachined photoconductive probe-tip to characterize a terahertz (THz) porous fiber. Losses less than 0.08 cm−1 are measured in the frequency range from 0.2 to 0.35 THz, with the minimum of 0.003 cm−1 at 0.24 THz. Normalized group velocity greater than 0.8, which corresponds to dispersion values in between −1.3 and −0.5 ps/m/μm for 0.2<f<0.35 THz are obtained. Moreover, we directly measure the evanescent electric field as a function of frequency. Good agreement between the measured curves and expected theoretical values indicates the low invasiveness of the applied probe-tip.