This paper attempts to investigate the impact of different bank specific and macroeconomic variables on bank profitability by considering 23 commercial banks of Bangladesh based on data availability during the period 2013-17. These data are collected from the individual banks annual reports, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and a variety of publications of the Bangladesh Bank. The fixed effect model for panel data has been applied to operate the regression analysis among the variables. In the study, three identical measures of profitability namely Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM) are used. In the model for ROA, the result indicated that earning variable (TIN, NII), and asset structure (DPST) have a significant positive relationship with ROA, and asset quality (NPL) has significant negative impact on ROA. For ROE, earning (TIN and NII) and capital strength (CAP) have a significant positive relationship of the entire explanatory variable with ROE. Only asset quality (NPL) has significant negative impact on ROE. For NIM, earning variables (TIN), capital strength (CAP) and liquidity (LTA) have a significant positive relationship with NIM. This study find no significant impact of the macroeconomic factors namely growth rate of GDP and rate inflation and rate of interest included in the models on profitability. For decision making and developing the performance of financial organization in the future the findings of this study can assist the investors, policymakers, management body and other stakeholders. Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the impact of different bank specific and macroeconomic variables on bank profitability in case of Bangladesh.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inspect disaster risk reduction (DRR) challenges from a political economy (PE) perspective and to explore how PE determinants facilitate or hinder effective DRR in Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study, using semi-structured in-depth interviews, official documents and literature review has been conducted to explore the current process and practices of DRR in Bangladesh. The specific focus is on the distribution of public spending on flood shelters implemented by the Department of Disaster Management.
Findings
The study revealed a number of findings, including that the interest and incentives of influencing decision makers matter; formal and informal institutions have influence; and the values and ideas of dominating stakeholders’ impact on decisions regarding public spending of DRR in Bangladesh. These PE factors often hinder efficiency by leading to overlapping efforts and inefficient use of scarce resources. DRR planners and practitioners need to take steps to mitigate potential risks from PE processes in the allocations of DRR funding by implementing improved distribution arrangements.
Originality/value
Despite many successes in dealing with disasters, Bangladesh faces several challenges, including better governance of funds. DRR challenges can be considered as a problem of PE, which concerns the distribution of resources, and includes how powerful decision makers affect economic choices. Prior research examining the challenges in DRR-related funding distribution from a PE perspective is limited. Therefore, this study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by focusing on the situation in Bangladesh from this perspective. The authors elaborate how PE determinants can function as both barrier and opportunities on the ground in DRR-related fund distribution and in the selection of project locations and beneficiaries.
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