T he purpose of this paper is to critically review the role of culture as a potential barrier to the transferability of management training and development. The paper therefore seeks to summarise the relevant literature and, in doing so, to transcend the dichotomy of the 'culture-free' and 'culture-determinist' positions and the presentation of culture as a simple and undifferentiated 'barrier.' From our literature review and training experience in this area we develop a model of three different levels ofcultural effect: the level of training/learning style, the level of values, and the level of cognition. The paper then attempts to illustrate the operation of these levels as barriers to the successful implementation of a training and development intervention in Hong Kong. Finally, an agenda for future research on this im portant topic for trainers in South East Asia is suggested.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.