A claim before the Syariah court aims to either attest one's right or interest over a particular matter or defend such interest against the claiming party. At this juncture, the onus of proof lies with the party initiating the claim. In the context of Syariah Criminal Law, a Syarie Prosecutor has the discretionary power to bring a criminal claim against the accused in cases pertaining to Syariah offences, be it criminal or matrimonial, should there exist a strong qarinah that successfully establishes a prima facie case. However, there has been a lack of guidelines in proving prima facie in cases relating to matrimonial offences. Therefore, this study examines the methods of establishing prima facie based on qarinah in matrimonial cases, particularly in cases decided by the Syariah Courts of Selangor. For data collection, the researchers employ qualitative methods through analysis of legal documents, case files from the Syariah Court, and its ratio decidendis. The findings of this study show that matrimonial offences are considered criminal offences under the Islamic Family Law (State of Selangor) Enactment 2003. Hence, a case is considered a strong establishment of qarinah, sufficient to indicate prima facie for matrimonial offences, enabling the Syarie Prosecutor to prosecute the accused. Despite that, the qarinah itself must reach the degree of confidence, or al-zan al-ghalib, and not at the level of assumption, doubt, and waham. The authors believe this study may open doors to further discussions on Islamic Family Law, specifically in proving a prima facie case for matrimonial offences. Sesuatu dakwaan yang dilakukan di Mahkamah Syariah, pada asasnya bertujuan untuk menuntut hak atau kepentingan terhadap sesuatu perkara, ataupun bertujuan mempertahankan kepentingan tersebut daripada pihak yang mempertikai. Beban pembuktian terhadap sesuatu pendakwaan terletak atas pihak yang mendakwa. Dalam konteks jenayah di Mahkamah Syariah, seorang Pendakwa Syarie boleh mendakwa Orang Kena Tuduh (OKT) dalam kes yang melibatkan jenayah syariah atau kesalahan matrimoni apabila wujud qarinah yang kuat (prima facie). Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis pembuktian prima facie berdasarkan sabitan qarinah dalam kesalahan matrimoni di Mahkamah Syariah Selangor. Permasalahan kajian ialah tiada panduan bertulis bagi proses membuktikan kes prima facie dalam kesalahan matrimoni. Objektif kajian ialah menganalisis pembuktian prima facie dalam kesalahan matrimoni. Bagi tujuan pengumpulan data, pengkaji telah menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu kaedah analisis dokumen, fail-fail Mahkamah Syariah serta alasan penghakiman. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesalahan matrimoni merupakan jenayah di bawah Enakmen Undang-undang Keluarga Islam (Negeri Selangor) 2003 (EUKIS 2003) yang tertulis sebagai kertas pertuduhan dan fakta kes dan menjadi sabitan qarinah yang kuat (prima facie) bagi seorang Pendakwa Syarie untuk mendakwa OKT. Kesimpulan kajian ialah qarinah dalam kertas pertuduhan dan fakta kes merupakan beban bukti ke atas Pendakwa Syarie untuk mewujudkan kes prima facie terhadap kesalahan OKT. Namun begitu, qarinah tersebut mesti mencapai tahap yang yakin atau al-zan al-ghalib, bukan pada tahap zan, syak dan waham. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada penerokaan ilmu Undang-undang Keluarga Islam khususnya dalam membuktikan kes prima facie terhadap kesalahan matrimoni selain daripada kes jenayah syariah.
The reality of family in Malaysia shows that the trend of divorce is increasing every year. There are many factors that lead to divorce and one of the factors that recorded the highest percentage is lack of understanding. Couples who divorce due to misunderstanding have their own reasons for divorce. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors that cause disagreements between husband and wife. This study uses data analysis methods from 15 case files with specialization on the reason for divorce due to lack of understanding from 2017-2022. The study was conducted at Shah Alam Syariah Subordinate Court. Among the aspects studied are the age of the husband and wife, the duration of the marriage and the reason for disagreement. The results of the study show that misunderstanding often occurs due to communication problems, maintenance problems and neglect of the couple's feelings which is the most important factor, in addition to other factors such as neglect of religious responsibility and health problems.
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