Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Screening for dyslipidemia at an early age is essential to prevent and control its consequences. This study aimed to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia and its correlates among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Data of 5854 adolescents aged 10–19 years from all 13 regions of Saudi Arabia were obtained from the Jeeluna study; a national cross-sectional, multistage stratified cluster sample survey. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines for adolescents. We found that a quarter of Saudi adolescents have dyslipidemia (males: 33.3%, females: 17.9%). Significant variation was observed by region (p < 0.001). Prevalence of abnormal Total Cholesterol was 6.7%, LDL-C 7.1%, HDL-C 12.8%, Non-HDL-C 8.3%, and Triglycerides 9.6%. Factors independently associated with dyslipidemia were male gender (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.78–2.70, p < 0.001), BMI (underweight OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.94, overweight OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.50–2.06, obese OR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.34–3.34, p < 0.001, vs. normal) and serum ferritin (high OR = 7.02, 95% CI 1.49–34.79, low OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–1.01, p = 0.04 vs. normal) and ≥ 1 daily intake of carbonated beverage (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.00–1.20, p = 0.03 vs. no or not daily intake). Public health interventions for improving lipid profile of adolescents are urgently needed.

Background All societies are going through a longevity revolution. Inflating the elderly’s age group will present many challenges to the healthcare system. A better health workforce is needed to meet this demand. Little is known about the knowledge and attitude of medical and nursing students toward geriatric care in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to explore medical and nursing students’ knowledge about aging, and their attitude toward caring for older adults. Method A cross-sectional study using two surveys: the fact on aging quiz to assess knowledge and the UCLA geriatric attitude scale to evaluate attitudes. A total of 494 medical and nursing students from three universities in Saudi Arabia were included. Results Knowledge and attitude scores were 13.57/23 and 3.37/5, respectively. Findings showed that even in a country where the elderly are respected and family bonds are valued there is still much room for improvement. Moreover, there was a significant statistical difference in the knowledge and attitude scores (p < .0001) regarding the participants’ specialty. The nursing participants had higher knowledge scores, while the medical participants had better attitude scores. Overall, Spearman’s correlation coefficient between ranked knowledge and attitude scores was −.339 with a significance of p < .0001, indicating a low negative correlation between the two scores. Conclusion Knowledge and attitude score were fair to moderate, these findings propose enhancing learners’ education and training experiences in the care of the elderly through curricular improvements.

Introduction/Objective Thyroid disorders are considered to have a significant global health impact, affecting around 200 million people, and about 5% of all populations are diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Thyroid problems are mainly diagnosed by the laboratory’s thyroid function tests (TSH, FT4, and FT3), and currently, there is no special guideline for a preferred sample to test the thyroid functions. Aim To investigate whether using a fasting serum sample or postprandial serum sample could affect the results of the thyroid function tests in both euthyroid people and patients with thyroid problems. Methods/Case Report • A systematic search was done on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and manual searches with cross-referencing. • PECOS framework was used for developing the research question. • PRISMA guidelines used for the methodology. • Two meta-analyses for TSH and FT4 were done based on the participant’s thyroid status, and one meta-analysis done for the FT3 for all. • Statistical analyses were done using Revman5 software. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) • Ten full-text studies and three abstracts were included for the systematic review, and for meta-analysis, nine full-text studies and two abstracts. • Based on the Cochrane rule of thumbs of the effect size interpretations, the meta-analyses result showed a statistically significant moderate effect for TSH mean differences; Mean of fasting blood sample &gt; mean of the postprandial sample. • TSH effect for euthyroid people based on results of 9 studies from 641 participants (MD, 0.58; Fixed, 95% CI: [0.44 to 0.73], p. &lt;.00001). • TSH results for all based on results of 11 studies from 921 participants (SMD, 0.46; Random, 95% CI: [0.31 to 0.61], p. &lt;.00001). • No statistically significant effect for FT4 and FT3 mean differences results. • Publication bias is suggested for TSH and FT3 results due to the asymmetrical appearance, but not for FT4. Conclusion • In conclusion, the use of fasting blood samples would have a significantly higher TSH result value compared to the postprandial blood samples. Hence, it may help introduce a new guideline to standardize the blood sampling status for the TSH test screening and diagnosis. Alternatively, different reference ranges depending on the sampling status might be suggested, which might help promote the patients’ quality of life and reduce healthcare costs.