utaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm deriving from epidermal keratinocytes. In the general population, SCC is the second most common form of keratinocyte carcinoma after basal cell basal cell carcinoma, 1,2 and in organ transplant recipients SCC is the most common skin cancer. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Previous studies 12-15 report a risk for nodal metastasis of 1.9% to 4.0% and a risk for diseasespecific death of 1.5% to 2.1% in the general population.The number of solid organ transplants and long-term survival in organ transplant recipients have increased over the 5 decades as a result of progress in both surgical techniques and drug-induced immunosuppression. 16 Notwithstanding the clear benefits of successful allograft transplantation, organ transplant recipients experience important adverse effects from long-term immunosuppressive medication, including a 10-fold increased risk for malignant neoplasms overall. 17,18 In particular, solid organ transplant recipients have a 65-fold to 250-fold higher incidence of SCC compared with those who have not received transplants. After transplantation, 20% to 75% of solid organ transplant recipients are affected by at least 1 SCC within 20 years. 8,19 After a first invasive SCC, multiple subsequent SCCs will develop in 60% to 80% of these patients within 3 years. The risk of SCC increases over time, with the incidence increasing to 40% to 60% at 20 years after transplantation. 20,21 Cutaneous SCC is also associated with a more aggressive behavior and a higher risk of metastasis and death in solid organ transplant recipients than in the general population. 6,7,22 The rate of metastasis in solid organ transplant recipients is reported to be 5% to 8%. 23 IMPORTANCE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm found in solid organ transplant recipients and is associated with a more aggressive disease course and higher risk of metastasis and death than in the general population.OBJECTIVES To report the clinicopathologic features of and identify factors associated with aggressive SCC in solid organ transplant recipients.METHODS This retrospective multicentric case series included 51 patients who underwent solid organ transplantation and were found to have aggressive SCC, defined by nodal or distant metastasis or death by local progression of primary SCC. Standard questionnaires were completed by the researchers between

Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) have a 100‐fold increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). We prospectively evaluated the association between β genus human papillomaviruses (βPV) and keratinocyte carcinoma in OTRs. Two OTR cohorts without cSCC were assembled: cohort 1 was transplanted in 2003‐2006 (n = 274) and cohort 2 was transplanted in 1986‐2002 (n = 352). Participants were followed until death or cessation of follow‐up in 2016. βPV infection was assessed in eyebrow hair by using polymerase chain reaction–based methods. βPV IgG seroresponses were determined with multiplex serology. A competing risk model with delayed entry was used to estimate cumulative incidence of histologically proven cSCC and the effect of βPV by using a multivariable Cox regression model. Results are reported as adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). OTRs with 5 or more different βPV types in eyebrow hair had 1.7 times the risk of cSCC vs OTRs with 0 to 4 different types (HR 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.1‐2.6). A similar risk was seen with high βPV loads (HR 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.2‐2.8). No significant associations were seen between serum antibodies and cSCC or between βPV and basal cell carcinoma. The diversity and load of βPV types in eyebrow hair are associated with cSCC risk in OTRs, providing evidence that βPV is associated with cSCC carcinogenesis and may present a target for future preventive strategies.

Background: The association of nipple discharge with breast carcinoma has resulted in numerous women undergoing exploratory surgery to exclude malignancy. The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-operative factors can identify those patients that are most at risk of carcinoma.

A retrospective study of 391 children with suspected tinea capitis was analyzed to examine the prevalence of dermatophyte species and to compare the efficacy of the scalp scraping method with that of the hairbrush method for diagnoses over a 6-year period. Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis is the most common pathogen. The hairbrush method of obtaining specimens for fungal culture was superior to scalp scrapings (p = 0.03) in making the diagnosis, and using two methods (p < 0.001) increased the yield of identifying a dermatophyte infection.

A 44-year-old atopic woman presented to her general practitioner (GP) with a 1-month history of anogenital itch. Her GP diagnosed thrush from her history, and