MAPK (but not JNK/SAPK) phosphorylation and iNOS expression. Interestingly overexpression of wild type MKK3/6 was associated with phosphorylation of p38 MAPK ; however, in the absence of IL-1, iNOS expression was not enhanced. This study suggests that the activation of both SAPK/JNK and p38␣ MAPK signaling cascades are necessary for the IL-1-induced expression of iNOS and production of NO in renal mesangial cells.
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