The global climate changes and their influence on agriculture in Uzbekistan were analyzed, including problems of irrigation water shortage on irrigated lands in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya with the greatest water shortage due to repeated dry years. Additionally, the recommendations for the effective use of water resources in the conditions of meadow alluvial soils salinization and shallow salinized groundwater were proposed to use subirrigation and drip irrigation to irrigate cotton, maintaining the pre-irrigation soil moisture of the lowest soil moisture capacity. The introduction of a science-based regime for cotton using subirrigation and drip irrigation methods provides conservation of water up to 1.596–1.757 (subirrigation) and 1.596–1.757 (drip irrigation) cbm/ha, an increase in cotton yield of up to 6.3 centner/ha.
This article presents the results of improving the land ameliorative condition of lands as a result of growing phytoameliorating plants as a secondary crop in conditions of water shortage. There is a scientific research aimed at saving water resources used for salt washing. White sorghum (Sorghum Vulganell pers) and mung bean (Phaselus aureus Piper) were planted as phytoameliorating crops and compared with uncultivated fields. During the experiments, when the effect of phytoameliorating crops on the number of chlorine ions contained in the soil was studied, initially, at the beginning of the vegetation period, the number of chlorine ions in the soil tillage layer (0–30 cm) increased by 0.015%. At the end of the experiments, the number of chlorine ions in the tillage layer (0–100 cm) was 0.012%. Chlorine ion content in the sorghum (Sorghum Vulganell pers) was 0.033% in the driving layer (0–30 cm) and 0.029% in the 0–100 cm layer, while chlorine ion content in the soil was 0.036 and 0.032% in the moss (Phaselus aureus Piper). In addition, the highest saline leaching rate in the experimental field was 5383 cbm/ha in the plowed field. And the seasonal salinity leaching rate was 2380 cbm/ha when sowing white corn (Sorghum Vulganell pers) as a phytoameliorant, and when sowing moss (Phaselus aureus Piper), 3403 cbm/ha. This is 37–56% less than the control or 1980–3003 cbm/ha.
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