Background and Aim:The first purpose of treatment of periodontal disease and bone loss is to regenerate the lost structures and preserve the sound residual tissues. Different techniques and materials are utilized for alveolar bone loss treatment. This review summarizes the techniques and materials utilized for treatment of alveolar bone loss due to periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to 2021. Totally, 133 studies were collected and reviewed, and finally, 31 studies were selected for the analysis. Results: Of 31 papers, 13 were about intra-bony defects, and others were about furcation involvement defects. Each article suggested different techniques and materials. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival margin position had been measured in studies, and a few techniques showed better results than others. Treatment of furcation defects is difficult in periodontal therapy. We should note that surgical procedures do not have any superiority over non-surgical procedures.
Conclusion:In conclusion, to decide about the best technique, site of defect, severity of disease, the available materials, and the clinician's knowledge should be considered.
Background and Aim:The most common etiology of gingivitis is accumulation of bacterial plaque. Complete removal of microbial plaque by mechanical procedures is not possible in some cases; for example, aged and disabled patients might not be capable of removing the bacterial plaques properly. Also, chemical mouthwashes have some adverse effects. Therefore, finding a new treatment approach would be helpful. The global focus on the use of herbal medicine for treatment of different health conditions is on the rise. The present study aimed at searching and collecting scientific evidence regarding medicinal herbs to treat gingivitis and periodontitis. Materials and Methods: In this review, an electronic search of the literature was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley online library databases. Studies were considered for inclusion if they evaluated medicinal herbs affecting gingival and periodontal inflammation or periodontal pathogens. Totally, 197 full-text articles were evaluated and finally, based on the inclusion criteria, 22 articles were selected. Results: There are various medical herbs with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can significantly decrease gingival and periodontal inflammation, bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD) and the count of major periodontal pathogens, and promote clinical attachment gain.
Conclusion:The introduced herbal products could be an efficient and safe alternative to chemical products.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.