This study examines zoo discourses on media as a convenient site for probing into human-animal power relations. A form of critical discourse analysis is carried out in national daily news discourse focusing on how zoo discourses portray animals through lexical choices, grammatical structures, and discursive strategies of capitalism, hospitality, and conservation. These strategies overall operate to conceal the domination, oppression, and suffering of captive wild animals behind the benevolent image of the zoo institution promoting conservation, education, and recreation. Through language, animals are constructed, on a superficial level, as subjects who enjoy their lives on natural habitats with their families. Yet further analysis reveals a power abuse in which animals are objectified and commodified for an exclusively human agenda. The study concludes that through the naturalizing effect of discourses human dominance over wild animals are never questioned and the zoos grant animals an instrumental value rather than inherent value.
Bu çalışma, farklı erkekliklerin avcılık etrafında nasıl kurgulandığını ve erkeklik anlatılarının doğayla kurulan ilişkiyi nasıl etkilediğini ele almaktadır. Hegemonik erkekliğin barındırdığı ideal erkek tanımları doğa açısından olumlu sonuçlar doğurmamıştır. Erkekliğin hem doğayı hem de kadınları tahakküm altına aldığını savunan ekofeminist kuramlar bu baskıcı yapının altındaki bağlantıları ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmışlardır. Doğa ile kurduğu şiddete dayalı ilişki nedeniyle avlanma bu bağlantıların görünür olduğu bir pratiktir. Avcılar tarafından inşa edilen erkeklik temalarını ortaya çıkarmak ve avcı-erkeklerin, doğa-kadın-hayvanlar ile kurdukları ilişkileri tartışmak amacıyla Av Tutkusu dergisinin son 24 sayısı tematik analiz kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Avcılar güçlü, dayanıklı, cesur olma gibi tipik erkek davranışları sergilemekte, avlanmanın meşruiyetini bilimsel ve milliyetçi söylemlerle sağlamaya çalışmakta ve avladıkları hayvanlar ile kadınlar arasında kavramsal bağlar kurmaktadır. Doğa-dostu avcı imgesiyle hegemonik erkekliğin doğayla kurduğu dışlayıcı ilişki dönüştürülmüş gözükse de yakın bir okuma doğa-dostu avcının aslında hegemonik erkekliğin repertuarındaki normları çıkarına uygun biçimde kullanarak erkek ile doğa-kadın-hayvanlar arasındaki iktidar ilişkisini yeniden ürettiğini görünür hale getirebilir.
The aim of this paper is to explore how milk is translated into a product for human consumption. In this study, translation works as a metaphor that is used for carving up an alternative reality. The metaphor of translation is informed by postcolonial translation studies, in particular, the view in which translation is seen as “a channel of colonization”. For this purpose, three diary commercials are selected and a form of multimodal thematic analysis with a critical framework has been employed in order to discover the themes used in milk commercials. These themes are interpreted taking into account how translation worked in postcolonial approaches. The analysis demonstrates that colonial subjects and animals have many commonalities. Translation functioned for the colonizer to assist in the silencing of the Other, removing agency, distorting representations, fabricating volunteer victims, creating familiar subjects, and imposing Western reason-based thought. Similarly, dairy commercials ‘translate’ cows so that they are silenced, their agencies are either removed or used in favor of the industry, the real lives of cows are obscured and their experiences are distorted, they are portrayed as being happily exploited, and they are reduced to subordinate creatures in relation to Western white, male subject. Translation, in this study, demonstrates the power it yields in dominating others. Yet, translation can also bridge gaps, and foster nonexploitative relationships between humans and nonhuman animals.
No abstract
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