Data-driven models can predict, estimate, and monitor any highly nonlinear and multi-variable behavior of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials, and superconducting devices to analyze their characteristics with very high accuracy in almost real time, which is a significant figure of merit as compared with traditional numerical approaches. The electromechanical behavior of twisted HTS tapes under different strains, magnetic fields, and temperatures is a complicated problem to be solved using conventional approaches, including finite element-based methods, otherwise, experimental testing is needed to characterize it. This paper aims to offer a data-driven model based on artificial intelligence techniques to predict the electromechanical behavior of HTS tapes operating under various thermomagnetic conditions. By using the proposed model, normalized critical current value and stress of twisted tapes can be predicted under different temperatures and magnetic flux densities. For this purpose, experimental data were used as inputs to design an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). To gain the best performance of the designed prediction system, multiple clustering methods have been used, such as the grid partitioning method, fuzzy c-means clustering method, and sub-clustering method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to find the best architecture of ANFIS to predict and model electromechanical behavior of twisted tapes with high accuracy.
Along with advancements in superconducting technology, especially in high temperature superconductors (HTS), the use of these materials in power system applications is gaining outstanding attention. Due to the lower weight, higher current carrying capability, and the lower loss of HTS cables compared to conventional counterparts, they are among the most focused applications of superconductors in power systems. In near future, these cables will be installed as key elements not only in power systems but also in cryo-electrified transportation units, which take advantage of both cryogenics and superconducting technology simultaneously, e.g. hydrogen-powered aircraft. Given the sensitivity of the reliable and continuous performance of HTS cables, any failures, caused by faults, could be catastrophic, if they are not designed appropriately. Thus, fault analysis of superconducting cables is crucial for ensuring their safety, reliability, and stability, and also for characterising the behaviour of HTS cables under fault currents at the design stage. Many investigations were conducted on the fault characterisation and analysis of HTS cables in the last few years. This paper aims to provide a topical review on all of these conducted studies, It will discuss the current challenges of HTS cables and after that current developments of fault behaviour of HTS cables would be presented, and then we will discuss the future trends and future challenges of superconducting cables regarding their fault performance.
Superconducting technology for aerospace application is enabled by emerging development around hydrogen cooled electrically powered aircraft, aiming at zero-emission aviation. Superconductors, typically in the form of tape or wire in a composite architecture, can not only carry current density which is over 100 times that of copper and aluminium, but are also characterized by much lower losses. This property of superconductors makes them good candidates for the fabrication of superconducting devices of high specific power density, i.e. lower size and lighter weight, which is critical for aerospace applications. Superconductors, like any other conductors, require standard insulation to function safely and reliably in the electrical apparatus of aircraft, especially due to the special architecture, operating temperature, and operating condition of superconducting apparatus at high altitude. Extra attention should be drawn to choose proper insulating materials for such applications. In this paper, the challenges and considerations for choosing insulating materials for superconducting devices in cryo-electrified aircraft are reviewed and discussed.
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