Background. This study aimed to examine serotonin, dopamine and cardiovascular responses to aerobic and resistance exercise in men addicted to methamphetamine during rehabilitation. Methods. Subjects were 10 men addicted to methamphetamine with an average age of 31.2 ± 6.2 years old, height: 173 ± 5.6 cm, weight: 73.66 ± 12.5 kg. In the first session the subjects were acquainted with the environment. The variables measured at the second session were physical and physiological characteristics. In the third and fourth sessions, projects to ensure the effectiveness of the pilot were conducted. In the fifth and sixth sessions which were spaced 7 days apart, aerobic and resistance exercises were carried out. The variables which were measured before and after exercise programs included heart rate, blood pressure and circulatory levels of serotonin and dopamine. Results. The increase in blood serotonin and dopamine levels after both aerobic and resistance exercise were significant (p < .05), but neither of the two aerobic and resistance exercise were superior to each other. In addition, decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and myocardial oxygen cost at some time intervals after these two exercises were significant ( p < .05), However, there were no significant changes in comparison of exercises (p > .05). Conclusions. Both of these exercises can be used as valuable support factors in treatment of addiction.

Study aim: It is generally accepted that methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant which copies functions of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, and emits dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Frequent abuse of methamphetamine damages dopaminergic and serotonergic nerve endings at different sites of brain and also increases the anxiety and depression. Exercise seems to reverse physiological and neurological damages due to previous MA dependents and help to reduce anxiety and depression in this population. The aim is to determine the effect of exercise training on neurotransmitters and rate of depression and anxiety in chronic methamphetamine abusers based on a literature review. Materials and methods: The present study investigated published articles in five computerized databases including Magiran, Google scholars, SID, PubMed and Scopus from 2011 until 2020. The searched keywords included sports, neurotransmitter, methamphetamine, depression, anxiety and treatment. The obtained results were described using texts, table and figure. Results: According to the results, physical activity and exercise significantly increased blood serotonin and dopamine levels and significantly decreased the depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Different evidences suggested that physical activity and exercise as positive responses and adaptations might influence on circulatory levels of two neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine) in methamphetamine addicts, decrease anxiety and depression, and improve preparation in previous MA dependents. In the rehabilitation period, the overall improvement in previous MA dependents might significantly increase. Exercise training can improve the physical and mental state of people addicted to methamphetamine as a non-drug therapy to promote health. However, more research is necessary to support this conclusion.

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SummaryStudy aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week circuit-type resistance training program on performance changes and neurotransmitter disruptions induced by industrial opiate in previously addicted men.Materials and methods: Thirty industrial opiate addicted men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n = 15). The subjects in the experimental group performed circuit-type resistance training for 8 weeks, 3 days a week, with 40–75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), while the control group did not perform any training. Before and after the training period muscular strength (1RM of bench press) and muscle endurance (sit-ups), flexibility (sit-and-reach), body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and cardio-respiratory endurance were measured. In addition, blood samples were drawn 24 h before and after 8 weeks of training to analyze serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins.Results: In this study, 8 weeks of circuit-type resistance training led to significantly higher serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins, cardio-respiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance in the experimental group compared to controls (P < 0.05), while flexibility, body fat percentage and WHR did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, circuit resistance training can improve the serum levels of serotonin, dopamine, and endorphins, as well as indicators of health-related performance previously industrial opiate addicted men.

Background. Dopamine and serotonin including are among neurotransmitters involved in addiction to drugs such as the methamphetamine, which suffered cause major damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training in the treatment of drug addiction with respect to the changes in neurotransmitters). Methods. In this study, English and Persian databases including Magiran, SID, Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus were searched, using keywords such as Exercise, Neurotransmitter, Health Treatment and Patient Addiction. Related articles published during 1986–2017 were assessed. Prevalence of depression in diabetic patients, as well as the relationship between depression and different variables including age, sex, and marital status, was evaluated. This study presents a review of research that has examined the effects of exercise training on drug addiction. Results. Regular physical activity as aerobic and resistance training resulted in a significant increase in circulatory levels of serotonin and dopamine. Conclusion. Based on the results achieved by literature analysis and reliance on its major findings it can be concluded that physical activity and exercise training can have an effect on the circulatory levels of both neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine in addicted people to drugs, and it can also be a helpful factor with respect to the considerations in the treatment of addiction and as well as physical and mental improvement of addicted people.