Background Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the main cause of acute and subacute flaccid paralysis in western nations since the eradication of poliomyelitis. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate epidemiology and mortality characteristics of GBS in the north of Iran. Material and methods In this study, the hospital information system (HIS) was used to access each patient’s information. The final 174 cases were examined in terms of age, sex, place of residence, the year of referral, the month of referral, the season of referral, client city, accompanying background disease, and the type of GBS. Results The mean incidence rate in Guilan province was about 0.69 in 100,000 persons, and the case fatality rate was 10.34%. The most reported type of GBS was AIDP (33.90%), and the most common symptom was upper and lower limbs paresis in 65 cases (37%). Respiratory distress ( P = < 0.001), complications during hospitalization ( P = 0.0001), and ICU requirement ( P = 0.001) were significantly higher in dead patients. Conclusion In this study, the incidence of GBS was higher in men than women and the highest number of cases was in the age group of 60 to 75 years. The significant point was the high-case fatality rate in Guilan province compared to the previous studies. The complications during hospitalization such as respiratory distress, ICU requirement, and underlying disease had a significant relation with the fatality of GBS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05562-y.
Introduction Blood is a valuable life resource that depends on the donation of blood by the community. As a result, it is crucial that the manner in which this expensive resource is used be correct and reasonable. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the Maximum Blood Ordering for Surgery (MSBOS) in general, orthopedic and neurosurgical elective surgeries at the Poursina Hospital in Rasht in 2017. Methods According to the patient file number information, such as gender, age, type of surgery, number of blood units requested, number of cross-matched blood units, number of blood units transfusion, number of patients undergoing transfusion, number of patients who were cross-matched, initial hemoglobin and the underlying disease, was extracted from the HIS (Hospital Information System). Based on the collected data, a descriptive report of the cross-match to transfusion ratio (C/T), transfusion index (TI) and transfusion probability (%T) was performed, using average and standard deviation, by using the SPSS 16. Results In the present study, 914 patients from the neurosurgery, orthopedic and general surgery wards of the Poursina Hospital were studied. Of these, 544 were male (59.5%) and 370 were female (40.5%), aged 1–99 years, with a mean age of 43 years. The frequency distribution of C/T in this study was 1.29 in neurosurgery, 1.95 in orthopedic surgery and 1.96 in general surgery. This study indicated that the C/T index was above the normal standard level in four different kinds of surgery, including leg fracture (2.71), cholecystectomy(2.71), forearm fracture (2.70), and skin graft (2.62).The C/T index was at the maximum normal level in thyroidectomy surgery (2.5). The other surgeries had the normal C/T index. Conclusion Overall, all of the MSBOS indices were at the standard level in this study, although C/T indices were higher than the standard level in the surgeries for cholecystectomy, leg fracture, forearm fracture, hand fracture and skin graft.
The Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused 414179 infected cases and 18440 deaths up to March 25, 2020. The aim of this study was to estimate the new cases of COVID-19 in future days in Iran based on multiple factors such as governmental actions and peoplechr('39')s behavior. We constructed the model based on governmental actions, peoplechr('39')s behavior and lag time for governmental action. We estimated the governmental actions ratio and people’s behavior with minimum sum square error with OptQuest arena software. By estimation the new cases under three scenarios for governmental actions, we predicted the new cases and cumulative death for different genders for all scenarios. Based on the first scenario, the maximum number of newly infected cases was 3117. Total cumulative death for 110th day for males and females respectively was 3157 and 2285. According to the second scenario, the maximum number of newly infected cases was 3117. Total cumulative death for 151st day for males and females respectively was 3504 and 2536. By selecting the third scenario, there were two peak points. In the first peak point, the maximum number of newly infected cases was 3117. In the second peak, the maximum number of newly infected cases was 3190. Based on the result of this study, it seems that the best option for the government is to keep social distance and close economic activity, so the number of new cases will be decreased.
Objectives. Epilepsy is a debilitating disease that can have long-term unpleasant psychological consequences. For this purpose, various psychological interventions have been provided to improve the quality of life of these patients. In this review study, the effectiveness of these interventions has been surveyed. Materials and methods. This study was conducted through a systematic review method from January 2010 to April 2021. Keywords such as quality of life, clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, epilepsy, seizure, psychology, intervention, chronic disease, empowerment, psychotherapy and psychological interventions were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar indexing databases. Out of 1866 articles found, 13 articles were selected for review. Results. The surveys showed that psychological therapies increase the quality of life, social functioning, self-care behaviors, memory, self-esteem, job and social adjustment of many epileptic patients. On the other hand, according to the results, with the improvement of mental health of patients with epilepsy, we saw a reduction in stress, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, seizure, suicidal ideation and social stigma of patients with epilepsy. Conclusion. Various psychological interventions lead to a reduction in psychological problems in patients with epilepsy. It causes patients to be in good mental health, accept their pain and show less recurrence of their disease. For this purpose, it is necessary to pay more attention to the psychological health of patients with epilepsy in medical centers to reduce the incidence of mental disorders and improve the health of epileptic patients.
Background and Aim: Chronic low Back Pain (CLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders with possible psychological consequences for the patients. This study aimed to review all evidence on the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving the mental status of people with CLBP and providing recommendations for future therapeutic interventions. Methods and Materials/Patients: This systematic review was conducted on the articles published from January 2010 to December 2020. The keywords included “psychology”, “intervention”, “low back pain”, “chronic disease”, “quality of life”, “empowerment”, “psychotherapy”, “psychological interventions”, “clinical trials”, and “randomized clinical trials” in the indexing databases of Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Of the total 1740 articles found, 14 articles were selected for review. Results: The results showed that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and its combination therapies with mindfulness techniques played an influential role in improving psychological status and quality of life, and reducing pain perception in CLBP patients. The lack of RCT (randomized controlled trial) research and follow-up to assess long-term outcomes are the main limitations of the studies conducted in Iran. Conclusion: It is recommended that psychological interventions be considered alongside medical therapies to improve CLBP patients’ adjustment to chronic condition and their quality of life. Researchers and therapists should consider treatment programs based on RCT plans and long-term follow-up.
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