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Background. Central nervous system (CNS) tumours account for only 1-2% of cancer incidence but are a major reason for mortality and morbidity due to malignancies. Recent studies show an increase in the rate of CNS tumours worldwide, especially in developing countries. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity in epidemiological patterns worldwide. This study is aimed at representing nationwide epidemiology of CNS tumours in Iran. Methods. Iran National Cancer Registry 2010-2014 data were reviewed for CNS tumours. The epidemiological rates were calculated for both genders and all age groups using the 2011 census information. Results. Out of 17345 cases, 58.5% were men and 41.5% were women. The mean age was 45.55 years ranging from less than 1 month to 100 years old. Average total age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) was 5.19 for primary tumours. The annual percent change (APC) was 14.23% during the study period. The most frequent site and histology recorded were brain, NOS and diffuse astrocytic, respectively. Geographical distribution showed about five-fold difference in ASRs between different provinces. Conclusion. The overall ASR calculated was higher than the global rate in 2012 but lower than that of most developed countries, showing an increasing trend which may be due to either advances in diagnosing or risk factor augmentation. The mean age and incident rates were higher than those of previous reports in Iran.

Shooting is a high-precision sport that depends on many factors to achieve high performance levels. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in anthropometric, physiological, and psychological variables by sport level in women air-pistol shooters. Fifteen female pistol shooters, including seven elite national shooters of Iran and eight non-elite shooters, participated in this study. Analyzed variables were grouped into three sections: anthropometric, physiological, and psychological. Anthropometric variables included: height, weight, body mass index, length of leg, arm span, and proportions between variables. Physiological tests include resting heart rate, static and dynamic balance, flexibility, and upper body strength. Additionally, psychological questionnaires of SMS-6 sport motivation, TSCI trait sport-confidence and SSCI state sport-confidence, ACSI-28 athletic coping skills, and SAS sport anxiety scale were used. The Shapiro–Wilks test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Effect size and test reliability were calculated using Cohen’s d and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Our results showed that elite shooters have higher values of dynamic balance (Y-test), upper body strength (sit-ups), and intrinsic motivation, and lower resting heart rate than non-elite. However, no differences were found in the anthropometric variables, nor in anxiety or coping skills. We conclude that physiological and psychological workouts should be included in the shooters’ training programs to improve their performance.

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Background: Performance in shooting sports is influenced by various factors. Examining different dimensions can help in identifying talent in this sport and lead to a better estimate of performance. The purpose of this research was to determine the importance of anthropometric, physiological, physical, and psychological indicators on the performance of elite shooters. Method: This study employed a correlation design as a predictive and applied research method. Participants were selected from among 20 to 40-year-old male elite shooters from the Islamic Republic of Iran who had at least ten years of air rifle shooting experience and were members of the national shooting teams. A targeted sampling approach was used, and 47 shooters were selected. Participants completed a 30-trial test, with their scores used as a measure of success. Anthropometric, physiological, physical, and psychological fitness evaluations were conducted, and statistical tests were used to identify and prioritize the factors that were most effective in the obtained scores. Results: The findings of this study suggest that heart rate per minute, reaction time, interpersonal skills, strength, central stability, emotion control, focus recovery, self-talk, and relaxation were the most important indicators in the shooter's performance. Conclusion: This study highlights the multifaceted nature of shooter performance and identifies specific indicators that can be targeted for improvement. By addressing these factors, coaches, trainers, and athletes can work to optimize shooter performance and achieve better results in shooting sports.