Coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) with other autoimmune diseases has been attributed to common background genetic or environmental factors. This study presents development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during treatment of MS. The MS was confirmed by the Mc Donald criteria and the diagnosis of RA was confirmed by the ACR/EULAR criteria. A 35 years old women with 9 years of MS who was receiving interferon beta 1-a (INF) for 7 years and who did not respond to conventional therapy of RA over 8 months developed clinical manifestations of RA. But a rapid response was observed after discontinuation of INF. These findings suggest a possible contribution of INF in the development of RA.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most important debilitating diseases in which the myelin sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. In this review, we aimed to review the pathophysiology of MS. This impairment causes ability disorder of the parts of the nervous system which are responsible for communication, leading to different symptoms including physical and psychological problems. This study was conducted through a Narrative review using keywords including Multiple Sclerosis, Epidemiology through Search in International Scientific Databases, including: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, and Persian scientific databases including: Barakatkns Knowledge System, Academic Jihad Database, Iranian Medical Library (Medlib), Magiran Database, Knowledge Reference (Civilica), and a search was done on the World Health organization website. In this review study, using keywords such as "pathophysiology" and "multiple sclerosis".
History• ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders, which causes nontrauma in young adults in many countries. An important symptom of a disease is the presence of plaque in the brain or the spinal cord, which includes a demyelination region along with relative preservation of axons that may vary in acute and chronic stages. This review was conducted using related keywords through searching in scientific databases. Assessing the related papers showed that in general, MS is recognized as an autoimmune disease with genetic background caused by uncertain environmental factors. Epidemiological effects based on race, sex, geographical location are strongly linked to the frequency, types and severity of the disease. Vitamin D, infection, smoking and diet have been reported to be potential factors associated with MS. Due to the importance of these factors in MS disease, the control of them is potentially useful to prevent the disease and the rapid progression and exacerbation of its symptoms.
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune and inflammatory nervous system disease. It leads to the loss of myelin in the white matter of brain, spinal cord and optic nerves, and causes tiredness, muscle cramp, tremor, unsteady gait and some inability to move. Due to the effects of exercise in patients with MS, we aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise on the therapeutic and recovery process of patients with MS. In this study, a narrative review was conducted using keywords, including Multiple Sclerosis, exercise, recovery, treatment, through searching in international scientific databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, on articles published form inception. Different types of exercises were assessed and reported by the researchers as beneficial rehabilitation strategies for patients to manage symptoms restore function, optimize quality of life, promote wellness and back to activities of daily living. These exercises include endurance exercises (aerobics), balance exercises, flexibility exercises, yoga exercises, hypnosis exercises, physiotherapy exercises and exercise in water. Because of positive effects of sport exercises, it is recommended that training program be considered as a complementary treatment alongside other treatments for MS patients.
Introduction. Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in Parkinson's disease. It can be predominant as the disease advances, thereby constituting a major source of disease burden for patients. Current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these symptoms in the north of Iran. Method. This cross-sectional study was performed on 109 patients with Parkinson's disease in Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital in Babol, North of Iran, during 2017-2018. NMS were obtained from a NMS standard questionnaire containing 30 questions plus the clinical and demographic information in a separate checklist of patients. NMS were then classified into nine distinct categories. The association of NMS with clinical and demographic variables was evaluated by the SPSS software version 23. In all cases, the significance level of the tests was less than 0.05. results. The mean age of the patients was 70.59 ± 9.69 years (46-97 years) and 61 (56%) were male. The duration of the disease was 5.61 ± 4.89 years. NMS associated with sleep / fatigue with the prevalence of 76.1% were the most prevalent symptoms. NMS related to mood / cognition with frequency of 65.1%, cardiovascular with 51.4% and miscellaneous with 51.4% frequency were the most commonly reported symptoms in patients. Severity of the disease was significantly correlated with the symptoms of the cardiovascular, attention / memory and GI tract (P = 0.001). Age and education of the patients with cardiovascular symptoms and attention / memory had a significant relationship (P < 0.05). Occupation and marriage of the patients were significant with attention/memory symptoms (P < 0.05). conclusions. The sleep-related symptoms and fatigue were the most common NMSs in Parkinson's patients. Also, the severity of the disease and ageing were statistically significant with the prevalence of the NMS in patients. Therefore, consideration should be given to older patients suffering from more severe Parkinson's disease.
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