Objectives Falls are a major health problem and a leading cause of injury-related death and disabilities in the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to survey fall prevalence and its related factors among the elderly in Bojnurd. Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was performed on 288 elderly residents in Bojnurd in 2015. By strata sampling, the elderly people were included in the study according to their population in each stratum by randomization. Data was collected by a self-made checklist that included demographic characteristics, history of falls in the last six months, and programs prevent of falls at habitat. Data were analyzed by independent-t and chi-square tests using SPSS 20 software. Results The fall prevalence rate in elderly people was 30%. In total, 54.2% of samples were men and 45.8% were women, and the mean age was 70.42±8.56 years. Around 55.1% falls occurred in home or elderly care center. In this study, there was a significant correlation between fall prevalence and age over 60 years (P=0.01), consumption of hypnotic and sedative drugs (P=0.03), back pain (P=0.008), arthritis (P=0.03), problems with walking (P<0.001), problems with sitting and standing (P=0.009), hearing problems (P=0.02), environmental factors at home such as status stairs and railings (P<0.001), status cover the floors (p<0

One of the most important problems in treatment of drug dependence is the cooperation of the patient's family. Many families do not look at drug dependence as a chronic and relapsing disorder and expect a quick and definite recovery of the disease. These families, including wives, are unfamiliar with the concept of harm reduction as a realistic approach. The aim of this study was to educate the spouses of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on the different aspects of harm reduction approach and assess the impact of this training on marital satisfaction and relapse rate. This study was a pretest-posttest study with control group. The sample consisted of 50 MMT patients and their wives in private methadone maintenance treatment clinics in the city of Bojnurd, located in the northeastern region of Iran. The experimental group received eight group training sessions run by a psychiatrist. The content of the training sessions was based on harm reduction programs for families of patients with high-risk behaviors. Two groups are compared in terms of marital satisfaction and relapse rate. A paired t test was used to compare changes before and after the training. The results of this study showed that harm reduction education and efforts for changing wives' views toward MMT are effective in increasing their marital satisfaction. However, the conducted training showed no effect on relapse rate in the six-month follow-up. Regarding the fact that this type of training has not been paid enough attention in the national protocol, the proposed training program of this research can be considered in MMT clinics.

Background and aimWork-related injuries are among the most important health problems in developing countries, such as Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of work-related injuries among construction workers who had been insured by the Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. The population included all construction workers who had a work- related accident during 2012 in Iran, which were recorded in the ISSO database after inspection. The effects of independent variables on injuries were estimated by logistic regression. SPSS software version 18 was used for analyzing the data.ResultsOverall, 5352 work-related injuries were investigated. The incidence rate of fatal and nonfatal injuries was 0.07 in 1000 and 11.18 in 1000 workers, respectively. More than half of these accidents were due to careless activities. A younger age at the time of the accident (OR=0.98, CI: 0.97–0.99, p=0.001), being married (OR=1.37, CI: 1.04–1.79, p=0.02), place of accident (OR=1.86, CI: 1.18–2.92, p=0.007), lack of information (OR=5.28, CI: 1.57–17.75, p=0.007), disrespect of safety regulations (OR=3.11, CI: 1.87–5.17, p=0.001), non-use of protective equipment (OR=2.98, CI: 1.62–5.50, p=0.001), and defective equipment (OR=2.22, CI: 1.18–4.20, p=0.01) had a significant effect on the incidence of work-related injury.ConclusionsThe pattern of work-related injury in Iran was almost similar in regard to age, gender, cause and type of the accident, with other parts of the world.

No abstract

The present study used disability adjusted life years (DALY) to estimate the burden of external cause of injuries in construction workers insured in Iran in 2012. The Global Burden of Disease method (2010) was used to estimate the years of life lost due to death (YLL) and years of life lost due to disability (YLD). DALY was calculated as the sum of YLL and YLD. There were 5352 injured construction workers in Iran (11.25 individuals per 1000). Falling was the most common incidence and included 2490 individuals (46.53%). Totally, DALY was estimated 18,557 years for all age groups and both genders including 17,821 YLD (96%) and 736 YLL (4%). The DALY related to construction work is high in Iran and it has notably affected the young. Hence more preventive methods should be applied to reduce the overall burden of specific external cause of injuries especially in young and inexperienced workers.