No abstract

In the present study, casein-based edible films containing 1, 1.5 or 2 times of minimum inhibitory concentration of pomegranate peel extract (as antimicrobial agent) were prepared, and their physical, mechanical and antimicrobial impacts against two Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains were investigated. To evaluate the microstructure changes resulting from the addition of the antimicrobial extracts, scanning electron microscopy images were taken from both surface and cross section of the films. Different physical and mechanical properties of films were affected by the addition of pomegranate extract. For example, the water vapour permeability of films increased. Antimicrobial effectiveness of prepared films was more pronounced against Gram-positive strain compared with Gram-negative strain. Antimicrobial impact of edible films was also studied on ground meat. It was observed that antimicrobial activity of the films was mostly dependent on the types of microorganisms present in meat. Although they were not a suitable replacement for common films, they could substantially extend the shelf life of ground meat.

Celiac disease (CD) with the global prevalence ratio of 1% is an autoimmune response in genetically susceptible persons exposed to certain oligopeptides sequence found in prolamine proteins like gliadin in gluten protein (Nejad et al., 2011;Wang et al., 2017). People who suffer from CD should follow a severe lifelong gluten-free diet (Wang et al., 2017). Considering the unique characteristics of gluten protein, the desired characteristics of gluten-free bakery products

In the present work, a silver nanoparticle/delphinidin modified glassy carbon electrode (AgNP/Delph/GCE) was fabricated as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for gallic acid (GA) determination. Cyclic voltammetry experiments indicated a higher sensitivity and better selectivity for gallic acid when using the AgNP/Delph/GCE as compared with the bare GCE surface, which were attributed to AgNPs and delphinidin, respectively. Moreover, the calculated surface electron transfer rate constant (k s ), and the electron transfer coefficient (a) between the GCE and the electrodeposited delphinidin demonstrated that delphinidin is an excellent electron transfer mediator for the electrocatalytic process. The average catalytic rate constant (k 0 ) of the overall process was also estimated to be 7.40 Â 10 À4 cm s À1 for the AgNP/Delph/GCE in the presence of 1.50 mmol L À1 of GA. Amperometry experiments were used to determine the limit of detection of the AgNP/Delph/GCE electrochemical sensor, which was 0.28 mmol GA. The activity of the modified electrode was eventually investigated to assess the potential quantification of GA in real foods.