A novel Platinum nanoparticle (PtNPs) modified Poly(pyrrole‐co‐1‐(2‐Aminophenyl)pyrrole)/Urease film coated Au electrode was designed for amperometric detection of urea. PtNPs quantity, film density and pH were optimized and interference effect of some substances readily found in municipal wastewater and blood was investigated. The biosensor responded to urea with a measurement concentration range of 0.1 to 30 mM, a sensitivity of 31.8 μA mM−1 cm−2, a LOD of 7.58 μM, an accuracy of 104 % and a RSD% of only 0.82. It sensed the concentration of urea in the municipal sewage water with recovery of 97.6 % (n=3) and remained 78 % of its initial response at 28th day. Results confirmed that PtNPs with strong conductivity improved the electron transfer ability of the working electrode.
A continuous flow enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) based on poly(pyrrole-co-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) film was used for sustainable energy generation. The system parameters were optimized to generate maximum power. Optimum cycle number for electropolymerization was found to be 12.5 for bioanode, and 20 for biocathode.The best performance was reached at pH 7, 1 ml min À1 flow rate and cell potential of 0.51 V. A power density of 0.36 μW cm À2 in 10 min was generated with 0.86 μg glucose dehydrogenase and 0.35 μg bilirubin oxidase enzyme quantity by using 100 mmol L À1 glucose. The EFC performance was investigated with municipal sewage, and the system generated a power density of 0.85 μW cm À2 . Results showed that the proposed EFC could be successfully used at waste utilization, especially for the wastewater with glycolytic content.
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